“…They also play important roles in effective monetary policy, as media linking the policy rate to the financial markets and real economy. The existing literature has studied this medium role in terms of the relationships between the reference rates and the policy rate (Kobayashi, 2009;Carpenter and Demiralp, 2011;Ivrendi and Pearce, 2014), and between the reference rates and macroeconomic stability (Sudo, 2012;Muto, 2013;Kawasaki et al, 2012).…”