Assessment Techniques for Studying the Effects of Fire on Stone Materials: A Literature Review

Martinho, E.; Dionísio, Amélia

doi:10.1080/15583058.2018.1535008

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Although the alteration of the properties of rocks exposed to high temperatures has been widely studied during the last years, in most cases, the work is done under ideal laboratory conditions using electric furnaces, while investigations with exposure to real fire are scarce and usually limited to the analysis of historical buildings affected by fires [ 6 ]. It is clear that the use of electric furnaces in the laboratory allows the simplification and standardization of tests in order to facilitate the comparison of results with those of other investigations [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FRP Confinement of Stone Samples after Real Fire Exposure

et al. 2020

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The mechanical properties of stone materials can be severely affected by exposure to high temperatures. The effect of fire on stone buildings could cause irreversible damage and make it necessary to retrofit the affected elements. Particularly, the strengthening of columns by confinement with composites has been widely improved during the last decades. Today, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) confinement represents a very interesting alternative to traditional steel solutions. This work studied the behavior of cylindrical stone specimens subjected to real fire action and confined by means of CFRP or GFRP jackets, with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of these reinforcement systems applied to a material that has previously been seriously damaged by high temperature exposure. In general, the strengthened samples showed notable increases in strength and ductility. The response seemed to depend basically on the FRP properties and not on the degree of damage that the stone core may have suffered. Finally, the results obtained experimentally were compared with the confinement models proposed by the available design guides, in order to evaluate the accuracy that these models can offer under the different situations addressed in this research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FRP Confinement of Stone Samples after Real Fire Exposure

et al. 2020

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“…The long-term weathering properties of the rocks can be analysed by the repeat of the weathering effects such as freeze-thaw cycles of sulfate crystallisation tests. Thermal stresses can also reduce durability of granites (Vázquez et al 2016; Freire-Lista and Fort 2017) sandstone (Sirdesai et al 2017) and other lithologies, such as limestone (Brotóns et al 2013) or marble (Martinho and Dionísio 2018). Akin and Özsan (2011) studied the mechanical and physical parameters of a Turkish travertine exposing cubic tests specimens to 80 cycles of freezing-thawing and 25 cycles of sulfate crystallization tests, while Jamshidi et al 2016 made similar tests on Gerdoee travertine from Iran.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of long-term magnesium sulfate crystallisation tests on abrasion and durability of andesite aggregates

Czinder

Török

2019

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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The durability of aggregates against salt weathering is calculated after five cycles of immersion in a magnesium sulfate solution followed by drying according to the relevant European standard (EN 1367-2: 2010). The aim of the study is to investigate the long-term durability of aggregates by increasing the number of cycles of the salt crystallization test from the standardized five to a maximum of 35. Three andesite types from Hungarian quarries were tested representing three different localities. The weight loss of the specimens was determined after every 5-cycle set. Results were documented for three size-fractions 10.0/11.2 mm, 11.2/ 14.0 mm and the 10.0/14.0 mm, respectively. Relationships between immersion-drying cycles and magnesium sulfate values were described by the Pearson-coefficient. According to the test results, the magnesium sulfate values followed linearly increasing tendencies in the course of the long-term salt crystallization tests. Parallel to the salt-weathering tests, the changes in the mechanical properties of the salt-attacked aggregates were also detected by micro-Deval tests (EN 1097-1: 2012). The changes in micro-Deval coefficients were calculated in the form of a decay factor as a function of sulfate cycles. The results suggest that the micro-Deval coefficient does not rise after a certain salt cycle; i.e. higher number of salt-crystallisation cycles does not necessarily reduce the micro-Deval coefficient of studied andesite lithologies.

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“…The thermal action from fire conditions is described by radiation and convection heat transfer mechanisms, whereas the heat from the fire can spread by conduction, convection, and radiation [3]. Several technical standards specify conditions for safe building operations and even include exceptional events such as fires [4]. There are also functional safety requirements concerning fire prevention and extinguishing, ways to limit fire spread and prevent damages and even collapse, along with safe user evacuation methods and safe access routes for rescue teams and firefighters [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for thermal resistance, clay bricks rely on the specific gravity of their constituting materials. Moreover, masonry with hollow cores hinder heat transfer [4]. According to the Brick Industry Association (BIA) [19], the cavities of clay bricks make heat transfer happen through convection and radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification of the Influence of Loading and Mortar Coating Thickness on Resistance to High Temperatures Due to Fire on Load-Bearing Masonries with Clay Tiles

et al. 2019

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Masonry has been widely used as a construction method. However, there is a lack of information on its fire behavior due to the multitude of variables that could influence this method. This paper aimed to identify the influence of loading and mortar coating thickness on the fire behavior of masonry. Hence, six masonries made of clay tiles laid with mortar were evaluated. The mortar coating had a thickness of 25 mm on the face not exposed to high temperatures, while the fire-exposed face had thicknesses of 0, 15, and 25 mm. For each mortar coating thickness, two specimens were tested, with and without loading of 10 tf/m. The real-scale specimens were subjected to the standard ISO 834 fire curve for four hours, during which the properties of stability, airtightness, and thermal insulation were assessed. Results showed that loaded specimens yielded smaller deformations than unloaded ones. Samples that lacked mortar coating on the fire-exposed face underwent fire resistance decrease of 27.5%, while the ones with 15 mm decreased by 58.1%, and the ones with 25 mm decreased by 41.0%. As mortar coating thickness increased, the plane deformations decreased from 40 mm to 29 mm and the thermal insulation properties of the walls improved significantly. For specimens with mortar coating thickness of 25 mm, the load application resulted in a reduction of 23.8% of the thermal insulation, while the unloaded specimen showed a decrease of 43.3%, as well as a modification of its fire-resistance rating.

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Assessment Techniques for Studying the Effects of Fire on Stone Materials: A Literature Review

Cited by 33 publications

References 59 publications

FRP Confinement of Stone Samples after Real Fire Exposure

FRP Confinement of Stone Samples after Real Fire Exposure

Effects of long-term magnesium sulfate crystallisation tests on abrasion and durability of andesite aggregates

Verification of the Influence of Loading and Mortar Coating Thickness on Resistance to High Temperatures Due to Fire on Load-Bearing Masonries with Clay Tiles

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