ASSESSMENT ON Trichoderma spp. MIXTURE AS A POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL AGENT OF Ganoderma boninense INFECTED OIL PALM SEEDLINGS

Abstract

Diseases caused by Ganoderma spp. have been causing serious oil palm yield losses and affecting its contribution to the producers' economy. Research on sustainable and eco-friendly remedy to counter the disease is on the upsurge. Trichoderma spp. have been the most studied and valued microbes as biological control agents (BCA) in an effort to combat a wide range of plant diseases. Therefore, in this current study, the potential of Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma virens) as a mixture was evaluated as a BCA against basal stem rot disease of oil palm. The mixture of Trichoderma spp. demonstrated a disease reduction of 83.03% and 89.16% from the foliar and bole symptoms, respectively. The highest peroxidase (PO) level was detected in T1 (167.9 U g-1 tissue) at four months after post inoculation (mpi), and the lowest in T5 (72.3 U g-1 tissue) at 1 mpi. Treatment 4 with all the three Trichoderma spp. displayed the maximum level of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) among all the treatments conducted. Similarly, T4 recorded the highest accumulation of total phenolic content (TPC) (49.6 mg g-1) in the seedling roots at harvest. Disease infestation was slower in Trichoderma treated seedlings regardless of a single or mixture application compared to the positive control.

Recent advances in the use of Trichoderma-containing multicomponent microbial inoculants for pathogen control and plant growth promotion

“… Fusarium wilt in banana ( Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense ) in vitro and greenhouse inhibiton of Fusarium , 100% reduction of Fusarium wilt disease, increase in plant growth parameters up to 250%, increase in IAA production and phosphate solubilisation Thangavelu and Gopi 2015 T. asperellum, T. harzianum and T. virens Ganoderma boninense in oil palm nursery trial reduction in foliar disease symptoms (by 83.03%) and bole damages (by 89.16%), increase in plant height and girth, dried shoot and root tissue weight Musa et al 2018 T. tomentosum and T. harzianum tryptophan supplementation in Zea mays microcosm increase in plant height, root length, leaf area, and dry weights in maize Herrera-Jiménez et al 2018 T. atroviride and T. citrinoviride Brassica chinensis growth promotion in vitro and greenhouse elevation of IAA and iron-chelating siderophore content, improved germination parameters and seedling growth Chen et al 2021 T. asperelloides, T. asperellum and T. harzianum Fusarium oxysporum , seed germination promotion in cucumber in vitro, artificial climate indoor cultivation, and field increase in amino acid and γ-aminobutyric acid levels, increased plant height and stem diameter Hao et al 2022 Two T. asperellum isolates Fusarium root and stem rot in cucumber plants (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radices-cucumerinum) greenhouse reduction in reactive oxygen species accumulation and activation of antioxidant enzymes, strong mycoparasitic effect in the case of application of multiple Trichoderma strains El-Komy et al 2022 T. viride and T. harzianum Fusarium oxysporum in cherry tomatoes ...…”

Kejadian Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang Pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Menjelang Tanam Ulang Di Sumatra Utara Bagian Barat

“…Menurut Budianto & Evitasari (2022) aplikasi pengembalian potongan pelepah kelapa sawit di sekitar tanaman (windrow) diikuti dengan aplikasi glyphosate pada tanaman kelapa sawit sebelum dilakukan penumbangan, serta pembajakan tanah sebelum penanaman ulang, dapat mengurangi kejadian penyakit BPB. Pada perkebunan kelapa sawit yang belum memasuki masa tanam ulang, pengelolaan penyakit BPB dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan monitoring, surgery and mounding, injeksi batang bertekanan dengan menggunakan fungisida, pembuatan parit isolasi, serta aplikasi agens hayati (Ahmadi et al, 2017;Musa et al, 2018;Naher et al, 2015;Siddiqui et al, 2021). Keputusan tersebut dapat diambil berdasarkan beberapa pertimbangan:…”

Championing Sustainable Treatment of Oil Palm Basal Stem Rot Disease via Biological Control Agents

“…The BCA is also highly specific towards the targeted pathogen without affecting the normal flora. Over the past years, there have been extensive studies on the identification of effective BCA for controlling BSR disease (Musa et al, 2018;Naidu et al, 2018;Muniroh et al, 2019). Their potentials have been investigated initially via various in vitro studies for screening and better understanding purpose prior to greenhouse and field trials.…”

“…In Malaysia, the most common Trichoderma spp. proven to be antagonist towards G. boninense are Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens (Naher et al, 2012;Sundram, 2013;Nusaibah et al, 2017;Angel et al, 2018;Ho et al, 2018;Musa et al, 2018). A study conducted by Naher et al (2015) determined the antagonistic and growth performance of T. harzianum T32 strain against G. boninense on different types of media namely potato dextrose agar (PDA), potato sucrose agar (PSA) and malt extract agar (MEA).…”

“…A cocktail of Trichoderma spp. including T. virens, T. asperellum and T. harzianum were used by Musa et al (2018) in evaluating the efficacy of antagonistic activity against G. boninense on oil palm seedlings. In the in vivo study, cocktail treatment exhibited disease reduction in infected seedlings at 83.03% on foliar symptoms and 89.16% on bole symptoms compared to other single treatments (Musa et al, 2018).…”