Assessment on the Fermentability of Xylooligosaccharides from Rice Husks by Probiotic Bacteria

Gullón, Patricia; Moura, Patrícia; Esteves, M. Paula; Gı́rio, Francisco M.; Domı́nguez, Herminia; Parajó, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1021/jf800715b

Cited by 125 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Chromatography was performed using a Dionex AS3500 instrument (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA) for separation of carbohydrates on a CarboPac PA-100 column (4 mm by 250 mm, p/N 43055), in combination with a CarboPac PA-100 guard column (4 mm by 50 mm). Chromatography was performed as previously described (6), with the following modifications: samples were diluted 1:20 in Milli-Q water, and the analyses were carried out by using a stepwise gradient at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and a total analysis time of 40 min. D-Xylose (Sigma), xylobiose, xylotriose, xylotetraose, xylopentaose, and xylohexaose (Megazyme, Bray, Ireland) were used as internal standards for quantification.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Grown on Xylo-Oligosaccharides and a Model of Their Utilization

Gilad

Jacobsen

Stuer‐Lauridsen

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Recent studies have demonstrated that xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), which are classified as emerging prebiotics, selectively enhance the growth of bifidobacteria in general and of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strains in particular. To elucidate the metabolism of XOS in the well-documented and widely used probiotic strain B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, a combined proteomic and transcriptomic approach was applied, involving DNA microarrays, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) analyses of samples obtained from cultures grown on either XOS or glucose. The analyses show that 9 of the 10 genes that encode proteins predicted to play a role in XOS catabolism (i.e., XOS-degrading and -metabolizing enzymes, transport proteins, and a regulatory protein) were induced by XOS at the transcriptional level, and the proteins encoded by three of these (␤-D-xylosidase, sugar-binding protein, and xylose isomerase) showed higher abundance on XOS. Based on the obtained results, a model for the catabolism of XOS in BB-12 is suggested, according to which the strain utilizes an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transport system (probably for oligosaccharides) to bind XOS on the cell surface and transport them into the cell. XOS are then degraded intracellularly through the action of xylanases and xylosidases to D-xylose, which is subsequently metabolized by the D-fructose-6-P shunt. The findings obtained in this study may have implications for the design of a synbiotic application containing BB-12 and the XOS used in the present study.Prebiotics are defined as food components that confer a health benefit on the host through modulation of the microbiota (17). Among different kinds of prebiotics, special focus has been given to nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO), which are the most abundant nutrients in the lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the ecological niche of bifidobacteria. The majority of the members of the genus Bifidobacterium are capable of degrading NDO to monosaccharides, which in turn are converted into intermediates of the D-fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) shunt (also known as the bifid shunt), the central carbohydrate catabolic pathway characteristic of bifidobacteria.Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are NDO that have received increasing attention as potential prebiotic candidates (18). XOS are sugar oligomers composed of a ␤-1,4-linked xylopyranosyl backbone that are obtained by either chemical or, more commonly, enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan polysaccharides extracted from plant cell wall. The bifidogenic effect of XOS was demonstrated both by in vitro studies (22) and by small-scale in vivo human studies (2). Some intestinal bacterial strains are able to grow on XOS, yet numerous studies have demonstrated that the ability to utilize these oligosaccharides varies considerably among these bacteria (3,25,29). Moreover, a recent semicontinuous, anaerobic colon simulator study demonstrated that growth on XOS can also result in decreased levels of pathogenic strains, an ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Grown on Xylo-Oligosaccharides and a Model of Their Utilization

Gilad

Jacobsen

Stuer‐Lauridsen

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Ultrafiltration based on commercial thin-film polymeric membranes was used to purify the xylo-oligosaccharides obtained by autohydrolysis of almond shells. Liquors from rice husk autohydrolysis were refined by membrane processing, hydrolyzed with commercial enzymes and subjected to ion exchange processing to yield pure xylo-oligosaccharides (Gullon et al 2008).…”

Section: Synthesis and Purification Of Oligosaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional oligosaccharides: production, properties and applications

Patel

Goyal

2010

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

239

123

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Worldwide interest in oligosaccharides has been increasing ever since they were accorded the prebiotic status. The oligosaccharides of various origin like, bacteria, algae, fungi and higher plants have been used extensively both as food ingredients and pharmacological supplements. The non-digestible oligosaccharides have been implicated as dietary fibre, sweetener, weight controlling agent and humectant in confectioneries, bakeries and breweries. Functional oligosaccharides have been found effective in gastrointestinal normal flora proliferation and pathogen suppression, dental caries prevention, enhancement of immunity, facilitation of mineral absorption, source of antioxidant, antibiotic alternative, regulators of blood glucose in diabetics and serum lipids in hyperlipidemics. Apart from the pharmacological applications, oligosaccharides have found use in drug delivery, cosmetics, animal and fishery feed, agriculture, etc. Keeping in view the importance of the functional oligosaccharides, we present an overview of their natural sources, types, structures, physiological properties. Conventional as well as novel synthesis, purification and analysis methods are summarized. Recent promising developments in this area are presented to facilitate their further exploitation.

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“…they are not degraded in the stomach and thus reach the colon intact. XOS can benefi cially aff ect humans by modulating the colon microbiota, especially bifi dobacteria and lactobacilli (7). The addition of XOS to food has excellent physiological eff ects on the organism, including improvement of bowel function, calcium absorption, prevention of dental caries, protection against cardiovascular disease and reduction of colon cancer risks due to the formation of smaller chain fatt y acids (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Xylanolytic Aspergillus fumigatus for Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharide Production Using Bagasse

Carvalho

Neto

Almeida

et al. 2015

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

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Currently, lignocellulosic waste is a topic of global studies, given that fossil fuel reserves are diminishing, the new agricultural frontiers are limited and the demand for food and biofuels is increasing by the growing world population (1). For these reasons, technology must advance to improve the use of agricultural and agroindustrial residues to obtain food and biofuel.Xylans present in lignocellulosic materials have been studied for obtaining xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from waste materials such as corncobs, rice hulls, olive pits, barley straw (2), tobacco stalk, cott on stalk, sunfl ower stalk, wheat straw (3) and sugarcane bagasse (4-6). Sugarcane bagasse is inexpensive, renewable and abundant source of XOS especially in the countries that produce ethanol and sugar from sugarcane. However, more research is necessary to improve the use of this residue. SummarySugarcane bagasse is an important lignocellulosic material studied for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS). Some XOS are considered soluble dietary fi bre, with low caloric value and prebiotic eff ect, but they are expensive and not easily available. In a screening of 138 fungi, only nine were shortlisted, and just Aspergillus fumigatus M51 (35.6 U/mL) and A. fumigatus U2370 (28.5 U/mL) were selected as the most signifi cant producers of xylanases. These fungi had low β-xylosidase activity, which is desirable for the production of XOS. The xylanases from Trichoderma reesei CCT 2768, A. fumigatus M51 and A. fumigatus U2370 gave a signifi cantly higher XOS yield, 11.9, 14.7 and 7.9 % respectively, in a 3-hour reaction with hemicellulose from sugarcane bagasse. These enzymes are relatively thermostable at 40-50 °C and can be used in a wide range of pH values. Furthermore, these xylanases produced more prebiotic XOS (xylobiose and xylotriose) when compared with a commercial xylanase. The xylanases from A. fumigatus M51 reached a high level of XOS production (37.6 %) in 48-72 h using hemicellulose extracted from sugarcane bagasse. This yield represents 68.8 kg of prebiotic XOS per metric tonne of cane bagasse. In addition, in a biorefi nery, aft er hemicellulose extraction for XOS production, the residual cellulose could be used for the production of second-generation ethanol.

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Assessment on the Fermentability of Xylooligosaccharides from Rice Husks by Probiotic Bacteria

Cited by 125 publications

References 22 publications

Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Grown on Xylo-Oligosaccharides and a Model of Their Utilization

Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Grown on Xylo-Oligosaccharides and a Model of Their Utilization

Functional oligosaccharides: production, properties and applications

Screening of Xylanolytic Aspergillus fumigatus for Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharide Production Using Bagasse

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