Assessment on micronutrient concentration after reclaimed water irrigation: A CASE study in green areas of Madrid*

Zalacáin, David; Sastre-Merlín, Antonio; Martínez‐Pérez, Silvia; Bienes, Ramón; García‐Díaz, Andrés

doi:10.1002/ird.2573

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The research objects of reclaimed water utilization mainly focus on crop growth [ 28 ], quality [ 29 ], soil environment [ 30 ], soil microbial community structure [ 31 ], underground water [ 32 ], suitable irrigation technology [ 33 ] and so on. The results showed that under 15-year RW irrigation, the concentration of trace elements on leaf surfaces did not exceed the threshold, and the concentrations of trace elements in parks irrigated by RW for 10 years did not obviously differentiate from those parks irrigated without reclaimed water [ 34 ]. RW irrigation did not affect the concentrations of heavy metals and trace elements in leaves and fruits (e.g., Na, B, Zn), and it was viable to use RW to irrigate [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Soil Microenvironment and Crop Growth to Cyclic Irrigation Using Reclaimed Water and Brackish Water

Liu,

Wang,

Huang

et al. 2023

Plants

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The scarcity of freshwater resources has increased the use of nonconventional water resources such as brackish water, reclaimed water, etc., especially in water-scarce areas. Whether an irrigation cycle using reclaimed water and brackish water (RBCI) poses a risk of secondary soil salinization to crop yields needs to be studied. Aiming to find an appropriate use for different nonconventional water resources, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of RBCI on soil microenvironments, growth, physiological characteristics and antioxidation properties of crops. The results showed the following: (1) compared to FBCI, the soil moisture content was slightly higher, without a significant difference, while the soil EC, sodium and chloride ions contents increased significantly under the RBCI treatment. With an increase in the reclaimed water irrigation frequency (Tri), the contents of EC, Na+ and Cl− in the soil decreased gradually, and the difference was significant; the soil moisture content also decreased gradually. (2) There were different effects of the RBCI regime on the soil’s enzyme activities. With an increase in the Tri, the soil urease activity indicated a significant upward trend as a whole. (3) RBCI can alleviate the risk of soil salinization to some extent. The soil pH values were all below 8.5, and were without a risk of secondary soil alkalization. The ESP did not exceed 15 percent, and there was no possible risk of soil alkalization except that the ESP in soil irrigated by brackish water irrigation went beyond the limit of 15 percent. (4) Compared with FBCI, no obvious changes appeared to the aboveground and underground biomasses under the RBCI treatment. The RBCI treatment was conducive to increasing the aboveground biomass compared with pure brackish water irrigation. Therefore, short-term RBCI helps to reduce the risk of soil salinization without significantly affecting crop yield, and the irrigation cycle using reclaimed-reclaimed-brackish water at 3 g·L−1 was recommended, according to the experimental results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Soil Microenvironment and Crop Growth to Cyclic Irrigation Using Reclaimed Water and Brackish Water

Liu,

Wang,

Huang

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…For example, in Australia during the period 2009-2010, average state-wide use of recycled water for urban irrigation was 27.2% whilst the nation-wide average of total recycled water produced was 14%. In Madrid, Spain, irrigating urban park turf with reclaimed water has led to grass biomass increase [59] and, in terms of micronutrient content, the reclaimed water used was adequate for irrigation [60].…”

Section: Urban Green Spaces and Parksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacterial Urban Resistome: Recent Advances

et al. 2022

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Cities that are densely populated are reservoirs of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). The overall presence of all resistance genes in a specific environment is defined as a resistome. Spatial proximity of surfaces and different hygienic conditions leads to the transfer of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) within urban environments. Built environments, public transportation, green spaces, and citizens’ behaviors all support persistence and transfer of antimicrobial resistances (AMR). Various unique aspects of urban settings that promote spread and resilience of ARGs/ARB are discussed: (i) the role of hospitals and recreational parks as reservoirs; (ii) private and public transportation as carriers of ARGs/ARB; (iii) the role of built environments as a hub for horizontal gene transfer even though they support lower microbial biodiversity than outdoor environments; (iv) the need to employ ecological and evolutionary concepts, such as modeling the fate of a specific ARG/ARB, to gain enhanced health risk assessments. Our understanding and our ability to control the rise of AMR in an urban setting is linked to our knowledge of the network connecting urban reservoirs and the environment.

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“…Romero-Trigueros et al verified the feasibility of medium-term or long-term reclaimed water irrigation in citrus [ 27 ]. For example, the concentration of micronutrients in the leaves did not exceed the threshold [ 28 ] after 15-year irrigation with reclaimed water. It is feasible to use reclaimed water for irrigation due to the lack of impact on the concentrations of heavy metals and micronutrients in the leaves and fruits, such as B, Na, and Zn [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Short-Term Combined Irrigation Using Brackish-Reclaimed Water Cause the Risk of Soil Secondary Salinization?

Liu

Cui

Wang

et al. 2022

Plants

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Brackish water has to be used to irrigate crops for harvest due to the scarcity of freshwater resources. However, brackish water irrigation may cause secondary soil salinization. Whether the combined utilization of different non-conventional water resources could relieve the risk of secondary soil salinization has not been reported. In order to explore the safe and rational utilization of brackish water in areas where freshwater resources are scarce, a pot experiment was conducted to study the risk of secondary soil mixed irrigation and rotational irrigation using brackish water and reclaimed water or freshwater. The results indicated that: (1) Short-term irrigation using reclaimed water did not cause secondary soil salinization, although increasing soil pH value, ESP, and SAR. The indices did not exceed the threshold of soil salinization. (2) Compared with mixed irrigation using brackish–freshwater, the contents of soil exchangeable Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+ increased, and the content of soil exchangeable Na+ decreased under rotational irrigation using brackish-reclaimed water. In addition, the contents of soil exchangeable Na+ and Mg2+ under mixed irrigation or rotational irrigation were significantly lower, and the exchangeable K+ content of the soil was higher compared with brackish water irrigation. The exchangeable Ca2+ content under rotational irrigation was higher than that of brackish water irrigation, while the reverse was seen under mixed irrigation. (3) For different combined utilization modes of brackish water and reclaimed water, the ESP and SAR were the lowest under rotational irrigation, followed by mixed irrigation and brackish water irrigation. The ESP under brackish water treatment exceeded 15%, indicating a certain risk of salinization, while ESPs under other treatments were below 15%. Under mixed irrigation or rational irrigation using reclaimed-brackish water, the higher the proportion or rotational times of reclaimed water, the lower the risk of secondary soil salinization. Therefore, short-term combined irrigation using brackish water and reclaimed water will not cause the risk of secondary soil salinization, but further experiments need to verify or cooperate with other agronomic measures in long-term utilization.

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Assessment on micronutrient concentration after reclaimed water irrigation: A CASE study in green areas of Madrid*

Cited by 6 publications

References 64 publications

Response of Soil Microenvironment and Crop Growth to Cyclic Irrigation Using Reclaimed Water and Brackish Water

Response of Soil Microenvironment and Crop Growth to Cyclic Irrigation Using Reclaimed Water and Brackish Water

The Bacterial Urban Resistome: Recent Advances

Does Short-Term Combined Irrigation Using Brackish-Reclaimed Water Cause the Risk of Soil Secondary Salinization?

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