Assessment of Zinc, Lead, Chromium, and Cobalt in Commonly Consumed Herbal Medicines in Sindh, Pakistan

Maitlo, Amjad Ali; Jatoi, Wahid Bux; Memon, Almas F.; Soomro, Amjad Hussain; Bhayo, Muhammad Siddique

doi:10.1007/s12011-020-02339-w

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It also occurs in the pancreas of humans, which help to synthesizes insulin, as its role is directly connected to the insulin, therefore it tends to play a vital role to cure diabetes mellitus (Behera and Bhattacharya 2016;Vincent 2010). It has been assumed to be its involvement in regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism by increasing the efficiency of insulin (Maitlo et al 2020). In current study, the amount of Cr was found in the range 3.08 to 6.99 mg/kg and 3.08 to 6.21 mg/kg in canned and raw food samples, respectively (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But its excessive consumption results in Zn toxicity and may produce hazardous effects on the level of blood lipoprotein, immune system and copper level (Dghaim et al 2015). In addition, it may also cause vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain (Maitlo et al 2020). While its deficiency can cause growth retardation and hypogonadism (Nkansah et al 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When consumed excessively, Zn can result in fever, nausea and vomiting, weakness, can also cause stomach pain and diarrhea, and can reduce concentration of good cholesterol. (Maitlo et al 2020). Whereas, exposure to Mn causes several pathologies of central nervous system (CNS), neurological disorder, motor and psychiatric disorders, can increase violent acts, disturbance of libido and incoordination (Arain et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Selected Trace Metals in Commonly Consumed Canned and Raw Food Products in Sindh, Pakistan

Maitlo,

Ansari,

Soomro

et al. 2023

joarps

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The current study uses a flame atomic absorption spectrometer to quantify seven trace elements—Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca) in canned and raw food products sold in Sukkur and Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Current study results were compared to WHO/FAO maximum and minimum limits. Most samples were contaminated with trace elements (likely from anthropogenic activities, local industries, and brick kilns) and exceeded the allowable limits. Food products had varied metal content. In canned food products, Cr was max in peas (6.99 mg/kg) and min in pineapple (3.08 mg/kg), Co was max in pineapple (3.11 mg/kg) and min in honey (1.50 mg/kg), Zn was max in tamarind (5.77 mg/kg) and min in pineapple and mushroom (2.95 mg/kg), Mn was max in ginger (0.39 mg/kg) and min in pineapple and mangoes (0.24 mg/kg), Na was max in ginger (167 mg/kg) and min in honey (76.7 mg/kg), and K was max in tamarind (4942 mg/kg) and min in honey (76.7 mg In raw food products, Cr was highest in carrot (6.21 mg/kg) and lowest in pineapple (3.08 mg/kg), Co was highest in pineapple (3.24 mg/kg) and lowest in carrot (1.14 mg/kg), Zn was highest in carrot (6.33 mg/kg) and lowest in pineapple and honey (2.96 mg/kg), Mn was highest in ginger (0.41 mg/kg) and lowest in honey (0.24 mg/kg), Na was highest in garlic (202 mg/kg) and lowest in strawberries (65.1 mg/kg), and K was highest in tamarind (4963 mg/kg) and lowest in butter. In conclusion, to ensure public safety, these elements must be monitored in canned and raw food products

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Selected Trace Metals in Commonly Consumed Canned and Raw Food Products in Sindh, Pakistan

Maitlo,

Ansari,

Soomro

et al. 2023

joarps

Self Cite

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“…As a result, there are specific allowable limits of these heavy metals in herbal medicines. For example, the level of lead should not exceed 2.0 ppm, mercury ≤ 0.5 ppm, cadmium ≤ 0.20 ppm and aluminum ≤ 0.20 ppm [28,29]. There are also national limits specified by different countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial content and elemental analysis of some locally prepared herbal remedies (<i>Agbo</i>) in Ibadan metropolis

Ogbole,

Ajayi,

Ajala

et al. 2023

J. Pharm Bio.

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This study assessed the safety of two herbal remedies, Agbo Iba and Agbo Jedi commonly sold in Ibadan metropolis. The samples were analyzed for phytochemical composition, microbial contamination, pH level, and elemental content. Phytochemical screening identified alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins and glycosides. Elemental analysis revealed sodium concentration ranging from 186.67 ± 1.7 to 283.33 ± 4.41 mg/100 g in Agbo Iba and Agbo Jedi, respectively. Lead content ranged from 0.04 ± 0.01 to 0.10 ± 0.00 mg/100 g in Agbo Iba and 0.03 ± 0.00 to 0.05 ± 0.00 mg/100 g in Agbo Jedi, while cadmium content ranged from 0.01 ± 0.00 to 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/100 g in Agbo Iba, it was absent in Agbo Jedi. The pH of all samples was acidic ranging from 2.79 to 4.41. Bacterial counts in Agbo Iba and Agbo Jedi exceeded European pharmacopoeia contamination limits ranging from 2 × 108 to 88 × 108 cfu/mL and 2 × 108 to 126 × 108 cfu/mL respectively. These findings highlight potential health hazards associated with these herbal remedies despite their rich phytochemical content. Stringent quality assurance and standardization by government agencies are essential to ensure safety and efficacy of herbal remedies for public use.

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“…Harris et al [ 113 ] examined the residues of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and mercury in 334 samples of raw Chinese herbal medicines and found that at least one metal was present in the 334 samples and 115 samples accumulated detectable levels of all the tested metals. Maitlo et al [ 114 ] also reported that the contents of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cr and Co) in most of the investigated 40 commonly consumed herbal medicines were higher than the maximum allowable limits of WHO.…”

Section: Soil Problems In Medicinal Plant Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of Beneficial Microorganisms in Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement of Medicinal Plants

Gang

Ren

Bai

et al. 2022

Plants

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Medicinal plants (MPs) are important resources widely used in the treatment and prevention of diseases and have attracted much attention owing to their significant antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other activities. However, soil degradation, caused by continuous cropping, excessive chemical fertilizers and pesticide residues and heavy metal contamination, seriously restricts the growth and quality formation of MPs. Microorganisms, as the major biota in soil, play a critical role in the restoration of the land ecosystem. Rhizosphere microecology directly or indirectly affects the growth and development, metabolic regulation and active ingredient accumulation of MPs. Microbial resources, with the advantages of economic efficiency, harmless to environment and non-toxic to organisms, have been recommended as a promising alternative to conventional fertilizers and pesticides. The introduction of beneficial microbes promotes the adaptability of MPs to adversity stress by enhancing soil fertility, inhibiting pathogens and inducing systemic resistance. On the other hand, it can improve the medicinal quality by removing soil pollutants, reducing the absorption and accumulation of harmful substances and regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The ecological and economic benefits of the soil microbiome in agricultural practices are increasingly recognized, but the current understanding of the interaction between soil conditions, root exudates and microbial communities and the mechanism of rhizosphere microecology affecting the secondary metabolism of MPs is still quite limited. More research is needed to investigate the effects of the microbiome on the growth and quality of different medicinal species. Therefore, the present review summarizes the main soil issues in medicinal plant cultivation, the functions of microbes in soil remediation and plant growth promotion and the potential mechanism to further guide the use of microbial resources to promote the ecological cultivation and sustainable development of MPs.

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Assessment of Zinc, Lead, Chromium, and Cobalt in Commonly Consumed Herbal Medicines in Sindh, Pakistan

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Assessment of Selected Trace Metals in Commonly Consumed Canned and Raw Food Products in Sindh, Pakistan

Assessment of Selected Trace Metals in Commonly Consumed Canned and Raw Food Products in Sindh, Pakistan

Microbial content and elemental analysis of some locally prepared herbal remedies (<i>Agbo</i>) in Ibadan metropolis

Contributions of Beneficial Microorganisms in Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement of Medicinal Plants

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