Assessment of wheat wide hybridization derivatives for agronomic traits and disease resistance in drought conditions

Abstract

Aim. To determine the breeding value of wheat wide hybridization derivatives by studying the resistance to diseases, protein content and yield, productivity and drought resistance index. Methods. Growing plants in favorable conditions, environments of acute drought and under infection background of wheat rusts was combined with the laboratory methods for determining weight of 1000 kernels and protein content. Results. Disease resistance has depended on the pathogen species and the source of alien variability. The drought resistance index is mainly determined by the yield of the material in drought conditions (r = –0.65***) and to a lesser extent depends on the yield under normal environments (r = 0.27**). Conclusions. Resistance to leaf or yellow rust has been successfully transferred from all sources involved in hybridization, but to stem rust – mainly from the sample, containing the translocation 1BL.1RS in the karyotype and T. timopheevii in pedigree. When determining the drought resistance of the material, it is necessary to take into account not only the drought resistance index, but also its yield in favorable environments. The parameters of protein yield and absolute protein content in 1000 kernels should be used for the selection of promising breeding lines. The perspective lines with group disease resistance, high values of WTK, protein content, yield and drought resistance have been selected. Lines with leaf pubescence from T. timopheevii were characterized by low productivity.

Drought resistance of soft spring wheat varieties of different ecological and geographical origins in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine

“…In 2018, the total value of HCS was noted at the level of 1.1, its decrease occurred in the interphase period "stairs -exit into the tube" (HCS=0.9). Considering climate changes, breeders are constantly increasing the level of drought resistance of crop genotypes by both traditional breeding methods and genetic engineering (Chebotar et al, 2020;Моtsnyi et al, 2022). As scientists note, the use of laboratory methods for assessing drought resistance requires testing genotypes under natural growth conditions (Yurchenko et al, 2020).…”