Assessment of water security in the large watersheds of Iran

Zakeri, Mohamad Ali; Mirnia, Seyyed Khallagh; Moradi, Hamidreza

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2021.10.009

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The main purpose of this research based on the positivism paradigm included measuring agricultural water security at the international and national levels, testing water security hypotheses and factors affecting it (with the aim of predicting water security), identifying real water security threats and controlling these threats (Malekian et al, 2017). For example, in order to evaluate the water security in Iran and its large watersheds over a period of 20 years at intervals of 5 years, Zakeri et al (2022) introduced eight indices affecting water security. These indices included per capita renewable water resources, water intensity, water efficiency, investment in water infrastructures, water quality, access to freshwater and pollution management, changes in green cover levels and large-scale changes to minimize the water security.…”

Section: The Perspectives Of Positivism and Constructivism Paradigms ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural water security from the perspective of critical theory paradigm

Aligholi¹,

Hayati²

2022

Front. Water

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Ensuring the security of freshwater resources is one of the most important drivers of the quality of social and environmental systems. In recent years, the security of water resources has faced various challenges. In other words, the water resources have become more vulnerable to threats and there is more concern about the sustainable development of socio-environmental systems. The significance of water security and associated concerns have led many researchers to conceptualize the water security and design indices to measure it. The worrying situation of the water security suggests that traditional philosophical paradigms, because of the way they look at man and nature, cannot be successful in solving the problems of agricultural water insecurity. In this regard, it is necessary to look for a new paradigmatic perspective to solve this crisis. In this paper, which was written using a review and analytical study, an attempt was made to examine and compare the concept of water security from the perspectives of positivism, constructivism, and critical theory. In addition, indicators of the critical theory paradigm were introduced and their ability to help conceptualize agricultural water security was explored from a critical theory perspective. The indicators of the critical theory paradigm include: inclusion, communication, cosmopolitanism and change. Also, the concept of agricultural water security from the perspective of critical theory is the emancipation of vulnerable farmers from various communicational, political, social, sexual, economic, and natural barriers. In this process, they will be able to freely participate in water decision-makings and be able to change the existing conditions to the desired conditions. Overall, the results showed that the critical theory paradigm, because of its point of view to the man and nature, as well as its goals of emancipation and change, could be a solution to the complex problems of agricultural water security.

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Section: The Perspectives Of Positivism and Constructivism Paradigms ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural water security from the perspective of critical theory paradigm

Aligholi¹,

Hayati²

2022

Front. Water

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“…Aalirezaei et al (2021) used gray management analysis, GM (1,1), to identify and forecast water security level, and the results are presented for a time-series analysis of the key performance indicators for a water security unit in Saskatchewan, Canada. Ali Zakeri et al (2022) selected 8 indicators to evaluate the water security in Iran and its large watersheds over a period of 20 years based on the analytical network process (ANP) method. Aboelnga et al (2020) developed a new urban water security assessment framework and applied the new assessment framework on the city of Madaba, Jordan, and measured urban water security using the integrated urban water security index and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional water resources security assessment and optimization path analysis in karst areas based on emergy ecological footprint

Zhang

Long

et al. 2023

Appl Water Sci

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With the continuous growth of the world's social economy and population, problems such as water shortage and water environment deterioration need to be solved urgently. Combining the emergy carrying capacity of water resources and the emergy ecological footprint method, the water security and sustainable development status of the typical city in the karst region (Anshun City) was evaluated, and the internal driving factors and optimization suggestions were discussed. The research results of water security in Anshun City show that: The water resources carrying capacity fluctuates greatly with rainfall and is generally in a low-level surplus state. The ecological pressure index and the sustainable utilization index show a downward trend. The pressure intensity of social and economic systems on water resources is increasing, and the sustainable development of water resources is not optimistic. Water resources security is mainly affected by natural ecological mechanisms centered on mountain systems, geological structures and hydrological systems, as well as social mechanisms centered on changes in population scale, land development and utilization, and urban development. In the future, the sustainable development of water resources can be promoted by changing the mode of economic development, optimizing the allocation of water resources, and protecting the ecological environment.

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“…Initially viewed as a water scarcity issue, the concept of water security has evolved over time and is now looked at holistically, encompassing several dimensions (Cook & Bakker, 2012;Chapagain et al, 2022). A widely accepted definition of water security provided by UN-Water (2013) Water security assessment has received increasing attention from academicians, practitioners, planners, and policy-and decisionmakers, with varieties of frameworks developed for different scales (Sullivan, 2002;Vörösmarty et al, 2010;Grey & Sadoff, 2007;Cook & Bakker, 2012;van Leeuwen & Chandy, 2013;UN-Water, 2013;Gerlak et al, 2018;Assefa, Babel, Sušnik, & Shinde, 2018;Krueger, Rao, & Borchardt, 2019;Jensen & Wu, 2018;Aboelnga, Ribbe, Frechen, & Saghir, 2019;Young et al, 2019;Chang & Zhu, 2020;Babel, Shinde, Sharma, & Dang, 2020;Khan, Guan, Khan, & Khan, 2020;Chang & Zhu, 2021;Zakeri, Mirnia, & Moradi, 2022;Chapagain et al, 2022;Babel et al, 2022;GWP, 2000;ADB, 2013ADB, , 2016WEF, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to measure urban water security? An introduction to the Water Security Assessment Tool (WATSAT)

2023

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The objective of the project was to develop a web-based digital tool called the Water Security Assessment Tool (WATSAT) to help city authorities and decision-makers make an objective evaluation of the water security situation in the city. It uses an indicator-based methodology that measures five distinct dimensions (broad elements) of water security: “Water supply and sanitation”, “Water productivity”, “Water-related disasters”, “Water environment”, and “Water governance”, which together culminate into a Water Security Index (WSI). The tool is developed based on the water security assessment framework developed by Babel, Dang, Sharma, and Shinde (2015). WATSAT results in a quantitative assessment of water security in a city, wherein the WSI provides an overall picture of the water security situation in a city, while the evaluation of the various dimensions helps identify areas of concern. WATSAT aids city authorities in having a holistic understanding of water security and interconnections of various factors affecting it and assists them in informed decision-making to arrive at system-based interventions to tackle water security threats in the cities.

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Assessment of water security in the large watersheds of Iran

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Agricultural water security from the perspective of critical theory paradigm

Agricultural water security from the perspective of critical theory paradigm

Regional water resources security assessment and optimization path analysis in karst areas based on emergy ecological footprint

How to measure urban water security? An introduction to the Water Security Assessment Tool (WATSAT)

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