Assessment of Visual Representation Methods of Linear Discontinuous Deformation Zones in the Right-of-Way

Abstract

Mining impacts on the ground surface may manifest themselves, inter alia, in the form of continuous and discontinuous deformations. Discontinuous deformations significantly deteriorate the condition of the road surface, posing a threat to the safety of use. Therefore, in mining areas, it is necessary to carry out an ongoing inspection of the condition of objects and thus determine the need and scope of their repair. The key method of assessing the scope of the surface repair needed is to observe the road surface. This article presents the results of selected measurement methods carried out near discontinuous deformation zones in the right-of-way. The use of measurements with the use of a laser profilograph allowed determining the evenness of the tested pavement. Additionally, geodetic methods were used: leveling and GPS satellite positioning, to determine the displacement of points forming the observation lines along the right-of-way. In order to identify, in detail, linear discontinuous deformations, non-ceiling photogrammetry was used with the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The comparison of selected methods and their advantages and disadvantages allowed for the assessment of their usefulness in visual representation zones of linear discontinuous deformations. The results of this research show the usefulness of laser profilographs, while the greatest detail of the measurement was obtained by low-ceiling photogrammetry with the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle.

Pavement Inspection in Transport Infrastructures Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

“…Performance, the incorporation of additional features, different pavement conditions, and several types of distress identification are among the most discussed topics. Notably, the most recently published research (from 2020 to 2022) tends to incorporate the latest advances and technologies, such as 3D modeling [19,53,56] and image data processing techniques [8,19,53,54,56,57], benefiting from the progress made in the field since the first publications on this subject (2016) [46].…”

“…Regarding the country of origin, 31% of studies were developed in China, 46% in European countries, and 23% in other parts of the world, indicating a reasonably diverse range of contributions from different countries. It is also worth noting that only one article [47] focuses on rigid pavement, while the remaining articles study flexible pavement [8,19,30,[38][39][40]46,[53][54][55][56][57]. Furthermore, seven articles (approximately 54%) focus on road pavements in rural environments [8,30,38,39,46,53,54], five articles on road pavements in urban environments (approximately 38%) [40,46,47,56,57], and one on an airport environment [55], suggesting the relevance of pavement assessment for different transport infrastructures and environments.…”

“…Specifically, crack detection and analysis have been important research areas in pavement condition assessment using UAVs [8,30,38,39,46,47,53,56,57]. Other pavement distresses, such as discontinuous deformations [54], rutting [46,57], subsidence, pilling, and corrugation [40], are mentioned in only one or two articles, suggesting that they are relatively less studied in the context of UAV-based pavement evaluation. This is likely due to UAV-based methods being a recent and developing approach, not yet encompassing the detection of all pavement distress types, thus currently focusing on the most common and significant ones.…”

“…Furthermore, the article by Wróblewska et al ( 2022) discusses a research methodology for evaluating pavement conditions, particularly in areas with discontinuous deformations that can affect road safety [54]. The case study was conducted in the southern province of Silesia, where an important regional road was impacted by deep mining activities, resulting in pavement surface irregularities and transverse cracks.…”

“…The study concluded that both traditional methods, such as laser profilometry, and modern UAV-based techniques can effectively identify pavement damage. However, it highlighted that UAV-based photogrammetry offers a high level of data detail and efficiency in detecting discontinuous linear surface deformations, complementing the other methods [54].…”