Assessment of vaccination timeliness and associated factors among children in Toke Kutaye district, central Ethiopia: A Mixed study

Abstract

Introduction Age inappropriate vaccination of children increases the rate of mortality and morbidity. All studies conducted in some areas of Ethiopia were only quantitative in nature and focused on the main cities ignoring rural communities. Objective The objective of this study is to assess vaccination timeliness and associated factors among children in Toke Kutaye district, central Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative data collection methods was used, for which simple random sampling was used to select 602 mothers/caregivers who have vaccinated children aged 12 to 23 months in the district. The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Bivariate analysis with a P-value of < 0.25 was used to select candidate variables for multivariate logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI and p-value < 0.05 were used to declare a significant association. Qualitative data responses were classified and then organized by content with thematic analysis. Results A total of 590 respondents responded to the interviews, making a response rate of 98%. In this study, 23.9% (95% CI: 20.4–27.7) of children aged 12–23 months had received all vaccines in the recommended time intervals. Urban residence (AOR: 3.15, 95% CI: 1.56–6.4), participation of pregnant women in conferences (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.2–4.57), institutional delivery (AOR: 2.5: 95% CI: 1.32–4.20), and sufficient knowledge of mothers (AOR: 3, 95% CI: 1.82–5.10) were significantly associated with the timeliness of childhood vaccination. Qualitative findings revealed that lack of knowledge and lack of information from mothers or caregivers, and inadequate communication with health workers hindered timely vaccination. Conclusion The overall timeliness of the child’s vaccination was low in this study. Residence, participation in a conference, place of delivery, and knowledge of the mothers were predictors of vaccination timeliness. Hence, promoting institutional delivery and increasing pregnant mothers awreness on vaccination timeliness through conference participation is compulsory.

Vaccination timeliness and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in Debre Libanos district of North Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

“…In this study, giving birth at a health facility was also significantly associated with vaccine timelines. This finding is supported by studies conducted in Ethiopia by analyzing EDHS data (36) and Kutaye district (28), which revealed that if the mother delivers the child at a health facility, it increases the timely initiation of vaccination at the recommended interval. This is because mothers who delivers the child in a health facility had a greater opportunity of being advised about the benefits of EPI services and getting health education (28).…”

“…Moreover, having sufficient knowledge about vaccination increases the odds of vaccinating the child at the recommended schedule. Similarly, studies done in the northeast Ethiopia (21) and central Ethiopia (28)showed that insufficient knowledge about vaccination increased the delay in vaccinating at the recommended interval. The possible explanation is that knowledge lessens the likelihood of having negative feelings about childhood vaccination, which increases practice and timeliness.…”

“…This study measures the magnitude and associated factors of vaccination timeliness among children aged 12-23 months. Accordingly, 33.7% of the children received 28). This disparity could be attributed to variations in study approach, location, healthcare access, and study period.…”

“…The data were collected by using a semi-structured questionnaires. The tool was developed after reviewing different literature ( 1 , 5 , 21 , 28 ) to estimate the magnitude of the timeliness of the vaccination among children. Moreover, the questionnaires included the sociodemographic and socioeconomic status of the respondents, knowledge and vaccination hesitancy-related questions, obstetric characteristics of the mothers, and access and health service-related factors.…”

“…Timeliness of vaccination: A child is considered to be timely vaccinated if the child received BCG within the first 4 weeks, OP1, Penta 1, PCV1, and Rota 1 from 6 weeks to 10 weeks, OPV 2, Penta 2, PCV 2, and Rota 2 from 14 weeks to 18 weeks, measles vaccination first dose from 9 to 10 months and for the second dose from 15 to 18 months ( 1 , 28 , 29 ). On the contrary, the child was considered as early vaccinated when the child received at least one dose of the vaccine below the minimum recommended age for each antigen and considered as delayed vaccination when the child received at least one dose of vaccine above the maximum recommended age ( Table 1 ).…”