Assessment of two new nitrogen-rich tetrazine derivatives as high performance and safe energetic compounds

Abstract

This work introduces two novel nitrogen-rich derivatives of tetrazine, i.e. 1,2-bis (6-nitro-1,2,4,5tetrazin-3-yl) diazene and 1,2-bis(6-nitro-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)hydrazine, as high performance and safe energetic compounds. Reliable methods are used to study physical, thermodynamic, sensitivity, detonation and combustion properties of these compounds, which include crystal density, condensed phase heat of formation, impact sensitivity, electric spark sensitivity, heat of detonation, detonation temperature, detonation of velocity, pressure detonation, specific impulse, melting point, brisance and power. The predicted properties are also compared with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) as two wellknown melt-castable and high performance explosives, respectively. It is shown that these compounds can be seen as interesting organic explosives with relatively high detonation velocity and pressure as well as low sensitivity, which can be used for important industrial applications. Since these new compounds have a relatively high crystal density and melting point as well as great combustion performance, they can also be considered as suitable energetic ingredients in solid propellants. Hydrophobia ineractions of these compounds were also compouted and compared using the B3PW91/6-31g (d,p) level of theory as a method for quantum chemical calculations.

Synthesis, crystal structure and thermodynamic properties of 3-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-(benzylmethylene) hydrazone-s-tetrazine

“…1,2,4,5-tetrazine, as one of the promising nitrogen rich [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] EMs, has a nitrogen content of 68.3% in the six-member ring, which makes them present high density and easily obtain oxygen balance, furthermore, the main combustion product is clean gas N 2 [13]. Therefore, they are considered as green energetic materials used in solid propellants, explosives, and civil combustible gas generators [6].…”

Introducing Novel Tetrazole Derivatives as High Performance Energetic Compounds for Confined Explosion and as Oxidizer in Solid Propellants

“…V M is the volume inside the 0.001 a.u. isosurface of electron density surrounding the molecule calculated using DFT at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) with the Gaussian program package [19]. The calculated densities of the compounds are mentioned in Table 1.…”

“…It was indicated that suitable DFT and empirical methods can be used to obtain different properties [18][19][20][21]. The purpose of the presented work is to introduce five high performance derivatives of tetrazole ( Figure 1).…”

Accurate Prediction of the Condensed Phase (Solid or Liquid) Heat of Formation of Triazolium-based Energetic Ionic Salts at 298.15 K

“…Since energetic derivatives of nitrogen-rich heterocyclic materials have usually more than 50 wt.% nitrogen, they are called high nitrogen content (HNC) materials [4]. Different predictive methods can be used to design high-performance HNC explosives with desirable physicothermal, detonation and combustion properties as well as low sensitivities [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Due to the importance of the condensed phase heats of formation of HNCs, several methods, including group additivities and quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR), have been used in recent years [12][13][14][15].…”