Assessment of tuberculosis case notification rate: spatial mapping of hotspot, coverage and diagnostics in Katsina State, north-western Nigeria

Milaham, Makplang; Gurp, Margo van; Adewusi, Oluwafemi J.; Okonuga, Oluwaseun Chidera; Ormel, Hermen; Bayly, Tristan; Adeojo, Solomon; Yusuf, Abdulrasheed; Gidado, Mustapha

doi:10.4081/jphia.2022.2040

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…The review largely confirmed many general characteristics previously observed on the inter relationship between Tuberculosis and poor socio-economic conditions, precarious living conditions and overcrowding., but also documented the extensive methodological limitations of studies that used varying methodologies that are divergent and heterogenous especially in terms of the population size and context which this present study evaluated 79 published articles [ 19 – 93 ] presented in Table S 2 and S 3 . Most of the methods used in the studies reviewed are best suited for low/high endemic regions depending on the model applied., among other limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geo-spatial high-risk clusters of Tuberculosis in the global general population: a systematic review

Teibo,

Andrade,

Rosa

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Introduction The objective of this systematic review is to identify tuberculosis (TB) high-risk among the general population globally. The review was conducted using the following steps: elaboration of the research question, search for relevant publications, selection of studies found, data extraction, analysis, and evidence synthesis. Methods The studies included were those published in English, from original research, presented findings relevant to tuberculosis high-risk across the globe, published between 2017 and 2023, and were based on geospatial analysis of TB. Two reviewers independently selected the articles and were blinded to each other`s comments. The resultant disagreement was resolved by a third blinded reviewer. For bibliographic search, controlled and free vocabularies that address the question to be investigated were used. The searches were carried out on PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science. and Google Scholar. Results A total of 79 published articles with a 40-year study period between 1982 and 2022 were evaluated. Based on the 79 studies, more than 40% of all countries that have carried out geospatial analysis of TB were from Asia, followed by South America with 23%, Africa had about 15%, and others with 2% and 1%. Various maps were used in the various studies and the most used is the thematic map (32%), rate map (26%), map of temporal tendency (20%), and others like the kernel density map (6%). The characteristics of the high-risk and the factors that affect the hotspot’s location are evident through studies related to poor socioeconomic conditions constituting (39%), followed by high population density (17%), climate-related clustering (15%), high-risk spread to neighbouring cities (13%), unstable and non-random cluster (11%). Conclusion There exist specific high-risk for TB which are areas that are related to low socioeconomic conditions and spectacular weather conditions, these areas when well-known will be easy targets for intervention by policymakers. We recommend that more studies making use of spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal analysis be carried out to point out territories and populations that are vulnerable to TB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geo-spatial high-risk clusters of Tuberculosis in the global general population: a systematic review

Teibo,

Andrade,

Rosa

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Spatial Analysis of Water Consumption in the Macroeconomic Sectors of the State of Ceará, Brazil

Soares,

Silva,

Medeiros

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Water consumption generated by the economic structure exhibits spatial variation within a territory due to the influence of economic and geographical factors that impact the demand and supply of water. Thus, this study assessed the spatial dependence of total water consumption through the use of Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA). For this purpose, two statistical tests of spatial autocorrelation were applied: The Global Moran's Index (I) and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA). The spatial structure of the data was determined by the Rook-type spatial contiguity matrix. Positive spatial autocorrelation was found based on the analysis of the Global Moran's I statistic. It was observed that consumption is not evenly distributed in its geographical space, indicating the formation of clusters of municipalities with High-High, High-Low, Low-High, and Low-Low aggregation patterns. In the univariate analysis of total water consumption by LISA, clusters of municipalities with High-High aggregation were identified in the Hydrographic Regions of Baixo Jaguaribe, Curu, Litoral, Médio Jaguaribe, and Bacias Metropolitanas, indicating a strong positive association between the consumption in these regions and their neighbors. In the bivariate analysis between total Water consumption and Gross Value Added of the municipalities in Ceará, two more Hydrographic Regions with High-High aggregation were identified, in addition to those already identified in the univariate analysis, namely Acaraú and Banabuiú. Thus, the study identifies spatial clusters that are essential for identifying regional inequalities and facilitating decision-making in the allocation of water resources.

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Assessment of Tuberculosis Drugs and Diagnostics in Katsina Central, Katsina State, Nigeria

Adamu, S. U.,

Jamilu, M. Z.,

Adamu, M. B.

2024

UJMR

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Study’s Novelty/Excerpt This study provides insights into the availability and inventory management of tuberculosis (TB) drugs and diagnostics in Katsina Central Senatorial District. It shows concern regarding the availability of drugs for Drug-Sensitive Tuberculosis, which are largely in stock, and those for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, which are mostly unavailable, compromising treatment regimens. The research also shows gaps in diagnostic capacities, particularly in detecting drug-resistant strains, and identifies significant deficiencies in inventory management practices, suggesting a need for targeted interventions to improve TB control efforts in the region. Full Abstract Tuberculosis is one of the deadliest bacterial infections globally, and Nigeria accounts for an estimated 4.4% of the global TB burden. This study aims to assess the availability and inventory management of tuberculosis drugs and diagnostics at Directly Observed Treatment Short Courses (DOTs) centers in Katsina Central Senatorial District. A cross-sectional descriptive survey involving qualitative and quantitative methods was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the USAID logistics system assessment tool. Ten (10) DOTs centers were selected using a multi-stage sampling method. Data was collected through direct observation and interviews of the DOTs Officers, Local Government Tuberculosis Supervisors, the Logistics Officer of the Tuberculosis Program, and pharmacists from the State Drugs and Medical Supply Agency. It was found that all the drugs for the treatment of Drug Sensitive Tuberculosis were in stock at the central store; however, for the treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, only moxifloxacin, clofazimine, and protionamide were in stock. At the DOTs centres, all the drugs for the treatment of Drug Sensitive Tuberculosis were in stock in 9 (90%) of the facilities, and 6 (60%) of the facilities had access to sputum microscopy tools for the initial diagnosis of tuberculosis. Some drugs for the treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis were in stock in only 1(10%) of the facilities. The drugs in stock cannot complete any of the treatment regimens for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Only 3(30%) of the facilities can detect rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis using either Gene Xpert or Trunat, while none of the facilities have the capacity to detect M. tuberculosis resistance to isoniazid and other second-line drugs. Stock cards were available in all DOTs centres where drugs are available, but 6 (56%) of the facilities update them in real-time, and 7(67%) of the facilities conduct a periodic physical inventory. First-line drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis were generally available, and the availability of initial diagnostic tools/machines for tuberculosis was fairly adequate. However, the drugs for the treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis were generally out of stock. Furthermore, the inventory management of the Tuberculosis commodities needs improvement.

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Assessment of tuberculosis case notification rate: spatial mapping of hotspot, coverage and diagnostics in Katsina State, north-western Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Geo-spatial high-risk clusters of Tuberculosis in the global general population: a systematic review

Geo-spatial high-risk clusters of Tuberculosis in the global general population: a systematic review

Spatial Analysis of Water Consumption in the Macroeconomic Sectors of the State of Ceará, Brazil

Assessment of Tuberculosis Drugs and Diagnostics in Katsina Central, Katsina State, Nigeria

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