Assessment of treatment options of recycling urban stormwater recycling via aquifers to produce drinking water quality

Page, Declan; Gonzalez, Dennis; Sidhu, J. P. S.; Toze, Simon; Torkzaban, Saeed; Dillon, Peter J.

doi:10.1080/1573062x.2015.1024691

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Limited information is available for pathogen removal by stormwater treatment barriers and would be informative for conducting risk analyses. Additionally, these values can be compared with theoretical LRVs necessary to meet health risk targets (NRMMC-EPHC-AHMC, 2009;Page et al, 2015;Schoen and Garland, 2015;Schoen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Page Et Al 2010bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water authorities worldwide are exploring alternative water sources to meet ever-increasing demands for potable and non-potable water due to the adverse impacts of climate change on water supplies. Stormwater has been considered as an alternative water source for both potable (drinking) and non-potable uses (gardening, landscaping, and irrigation) (McArdle et al, 2011;Page et al, 2014c;Page et al, 2015). There are several advantages to using stormwater, including (i) reducing demands on the urban potable water supply (ii) diversification of water supplies (iii) reducing discharge of untreated urban stormwater to urban streams and marine outfalls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A review on microbial contaminants in stormwater runoff and outfalls: Potential health risks and mitigation strategies

Ahmed

Hamilton

Toze

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

110

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Editor: Patricia HoldenDemands on global water supplies are increasing in response to the need to provide more food, water, and energy for a rapidly growing population. These water stressors are exacerbated by climate change, as well as the growth and urbanisation of industry and commerce. Consequently, urban water authorities around the globe are exploring alternative water sources to meet ever-increasing demands. These alternative sources are primarily treated sewage, stormwater, and groundwater. Stormwater including roof-harvested rainwater has been considered as an alternative water source for both potable and non-potable uses. One of the most significant issues concerning alternative water reuse is the public health risk associated with chemical and microbial contaminants. Several studies to date have quantified fecal indicators and pathogens in stormwater. Microbial source tracking (MST) approaches have also been used to determine the sources of fecal contamination in stormwater and receiving waters. This review paper summarizes occurrence and concentrations of fecal indicators, pathogens, and MST marker genes in urban stormwater. A section of the review highlights the removal of fecal indicators and pathogens through water sensitive urban design (WSUD) or Best Management Practices (BMPs). We also discuss approaches for assessing and mitigating health risks associated with stormwater, including a summary of existing quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) models for potable and non-potable reuse of stormwater. Finally, the most critical research gaps are identified for formulating risk management strategies.Crown

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Section: Page Et Al 2010bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on microbial contaminants in stormwater runoff and outfalls: Potential health risks and mitigation strategies

Ahmed

Hamilton

Toze

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

110

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“…However, decay rates for human enteric viruses, determined using diffusion chambers in monitoring wells at MAR sites, have been found to be slow and nonlinear (Sidhu et al, 2015;Sidhu and Toze, 2012). Quantitative microbial risk assessment calculations for MAR systems have been developed from a detailed hydrogeological assessment of the aquifer and insitu decay studies (Donald et al, 2011;Page et al, 2010bPage et al, , 2015aToze et al, 2010). These risk assessment studies considered that liquid phase virus inactivation was the only reliable mechanism for virus removal in the aquifer, and neglected the processes of virus attachment, detachment, and solid phase inactivation (Abu-Ashour et al (1994); Dillon et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport and fate of viruses in sediment and stormwater from a Managed Aquifer Recharge site

Sasidharan

Bradford

Šimůnek

et al. 2017

Journal of Hydrology

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a b s t r a c tEnteric viruses are one of the major concerns in water reclamation and reuse at Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) sites. In this study, the transport and fate of bacteriophages MS2, PRD1, and UX174 were studied in sediment and stormwater (SW) collected from a MAR site in Parafield, Australia. Column experiments were conducted using SW, stormwater in equilibrium with the aquifer sediment (EQ-SW), and two pore-water velocities (1 and 5 m day À1 ) to encompass expected behavior at the MAR site. The aquifer sediment removed >92.3% of these viruses under all of the considered MAR conditions. However, much greater virus removal (4.6 logs) occurred at the lower pore-water velocity and in EQ-SW that had a higher ionic strength and Ca 2+ concentration. Virus removal was greatest for MS2, followed by PRD1, and then UX174 for a given physicochemical condition. The vast majority of the attached viruses were irreversibly attached or inactivated on the solid phase, and injection of Milli-Q water or beef extract at pH = 10 only mobilized a small fraction of attached viruses (<0.64%). Virus breakthrough curves (BTCs) were successfully simulated using an advective-dispersive model that accounted for rates of attachment (k att ), detachment (k det ), irreversible attachment or solid phase inactivation (l s ), and blocking. Existing MAR guidelines only consider the removal of viruses via liquid phase inactivation (l l ). However, our results indicated that k att > l s > k det > l l , and k att was several orders of magnitude greater than l l . Therefore, current microbial risk assessment methods in the MAR guideline may be overly conservative in some instances. Interestingly, virus BTCs exhibited blocking behavior and the calculated solid surface area that contributed to the attachment was very small. Additional research is therefore warranted to study the potential influence of blocking on virus transport and potential implications for MAR guidelines.

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“…The results of these studies [48] and other suggest that site-specific subsurface conditions such as groundwater temperature [49,51] and chemistry [50] will considerably influence the decay rates of enteric pathogens and that viruses are likely to be the pathogens of most concern from a public health perspective. With the use of a combination of defined aquifer hydraulic residence times (e.g., Figure 2) and site-specific decay rates e.g., [48] have allowed for the quantification of treatment in the aquifer e.g., [42,43]. This has given regulatory authorities the ability to confidently assess the risks of MAR to ensure it meets human health and environmental targets [14].…”

Section: Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding these subsurface water quality changes is necessary to evaluate the suitability of the recovered water for its intended use and any requirement for post-treatment or to assess any potential impacts on other groundwater users. ASTR has been shown to act as a treatment step [40][41][42][43] leading to improvements in water quality, which can reduce the need for more energy intensive post-treatment steps [42,43].…”

Section: Water Quality Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) in Sustainable Urban Water Management

Page

Bekele

Vanderzalm

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:To meet increasing urban water requirements in a sustainable way, there is a need to diversify future sources of supply and storage. However, to date, there has been a lag in the uptake of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) for diversifying water sources in urban areas. This study draws on examples of the use of MAR as an approach to support sustainable urban water management. Recharged water may be sourced from a variety of sources and in urban centers, MAR provides a means to recycle underutilized urban storm water and treated wastewater to maximize their water resource potential and to minimize any detrimental effects associated with their disposal. The number, diversity and scale of urban MAR projects is growing internationally due to water shortages, fewer available dam sites, high evaporative losses from surface storages, and lower costs compared with alternatives where the conditions are favorable, including water treatment. Water quality improvements during aquifer storage are increasingly being documented at demonstration sites and more recently, full-scale operational urban schemes. This growing body of knowledge allows more confidence in understanding the potential role of aquifers in water treatment for regulators. In urban areas, confined aquifers provide better protection for waters recharged via wells to supplement potable water supplies. However, unconfined aquifers may generally be used for nonpotable purposes to substitute for municipal water supplies and, in some cases, provide adequate protection for recovery as potable water. The barriers to MAR adoption as part of sustainable urban water management include lack of awareness of recent developments and a lack of transparency in costs, but most importantly the often fragmented nature of urban water resources and environmental management.

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Assessment of treatment options of recycling urban stormwater recycling via aquifers to produce drinking water quality

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

A review on microbial contaminants in stormwater runoff and outfalls: Potential health risks and mitigation strategies

A review on microbial contaminants in stormwater runoff and outfalls: Potential health risks and mitigation strategies

Transport and fate of viruses in sediment and stormwater from a Managed Aquifer Recharge site

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) in Sustainable Urban Water Management

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