and one year later, the first board exam was performed by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS). The reflection of this movement in the USA and Europe to the Turkish Neurosurgical Society (TNS) occurred much later and the first board exam in Turkey was performed in 2006 (6). In 2004, the National Proficiency Board was established by the Coordination Board for Turkish Medical Associations (TMA). Proficiency Boards were formed on the 43 main and side branches mentioned in the Specialty in Medicine Regulation and 26 of them performed board exams (10). In the discipline of general surgery, the first board exam in Turkey was performed by the Turkish Surgical Association (TSA) in 2000 (3). The Turkish Board of Neurological Surgery has been administered in two steps as written and verbal since 2006. The exam process is run by the Turkish Neurosurgical Society Proficiency Board (TNSPB). █ INTRODUCTION T he struggles of human beings "to know and educate", and for these purposes, "to measure and assess" dates to the times Before Christ (B.C.). In 2000s B.C., it is known that there was a system that might be considered as extremely complex to select the state officials in China. The system was based on an exam (1,2). In the specialization field, the real purpose of the board exams, which create the opportunity to update the knowledge and skills of doctors, is to ensure that the specialization of the doctor is confirmed by other colleagues. The examination for specialty in medicine was performed for the first time in 1917 by the American Ophthalmology Board (9). In the Neurosurgery field it was also performed in the USA in 1940 (9). After the American Board, a 3-stage (multiple choice, clinical and verbal) exam was applied in England in 1991, AIM: To provide information on the process and the results of the Turkish Board of Neurological Surgery and increase the relevant awareness. MATERIAL and METHODS: The number of applications to the written and oral board exams organized by the Turkish Neurosurgical Society Proficiency Board since 2006, the number of successful and unsuccessful participants, and the number of the neurosurgery residents and specialists who applied to the exam were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 554 candidates took the exam since 2006 when the first TBNS was applied. Two hundred and sixty of the candidates were successful (46.9%), and 294 (53.1%) were unsuccessful. Two hundred and forty six (44.4%) of those who took the test were neurosurgeons, 308 (55.6%) were neurosurgery residents who had completed their 3 rd year in their training. The highest score in the written exams was 93/100, and the lowest score was 33/100. In verbal exams, a total of 73 candidates participated, and 66 (90.4 %) of them were successful while 7 of them (9.6%) were unsuccessful. CONCLUSION: Board exams are inevitable to provide a certain level of education and standardization in the training of neurosurgery. Our duty as neurosurgeons is to participate in these exams and work to increase participation for continu...