Assessment of toxic elements in road dust from Hutou Village, China: implications for the highest incidence of lung cancer

Chen, Zailin; Huang, Yi; Cheng, Xin; Ni, Shijun; Wang, Jinjin; Ren, Bangzheng; Qiu-lian, YU

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-10154-y

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Table 2 shows that Ni was the primary core carcinogenic element, followed by Co, Cd, and Si, which was consistent with the conclusions of our previous research 102 . Hence, accurate and effective identification of core carcinogenic elements (Ni, Co, Cd, and Si) can support the development and use of local coal in the future.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…To verify the above conclusions, a PCA of 10 carcinogenic elements in coal was performed. All factors were obtained with eigenvalues > 1 60 and then rotated using the varimax method in SPSS 25 (Kaiser normalization), and finally, the rotation converged in 5 iterations 102 . The PCA results revealed five factors (82.633% of the total variance (TV)), and PC5 was used as a reference only for its eigenvalues < 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some important information can be obtained from Table S17 : (1) crystalline silica, Cr 6+ , Ni, As, and Cd are classified as class I carcinogens; and (2) the toxicological characteristics of crystalline silica, Co, Ni, Cr 6+ , and Cd are connected with lung cancer (Table S17 ). However, the concentration of Cr 6+ in local coal 111 and the environment 102 seems not to be the main cause. Hence, Si, Co, Ni, As, and Cd should be given more attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Identification of core carcinogenic elements based on the age-standardized mortality rate of lung cancer in Xuanwei Formation coal in China

Chen,

Cheng,

Wang

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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In this study, the core carcinogenic elements in Xuanwei Formation coal were identified. Thirty-one samples were collected based on the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of lung cancer; Si, V, Cr, Co, Ni, As, Mo, Cd, Sb, Pb, and rare earth elements and yttrium (REYs) were analyzed and compared; multivariate statistical analyses (CA, PCA, and FDA) were performed; and comprehensive identification was carried out by combining multivariate statistical analyses with toxicology and mineralogy. The final results indicated that (1) the high-concentration Si, Ni, V, Cr, Co, and Cd in coal may have some potential carcinogenic risk. (2) The concentrations of Cr, Ni, As, Mo, Cd, and Pb meet the zoning characteristics of the ASMR, while the Si concentration is not completely consistent. (3) The REY distribution pattern in Longtan Formation coal is lower than that in Xuanwei Formation coal, indicating that the materials of these elements in coal are different. (5) The heatmap divides the sampling sites into two clusters and subtypes in accordance with carcinogenic zoning based on the ASMR. (6) PC1, PC2, and PC3 explain 62.629% of the total variance, identifying Co, Ni, As, Cd, Mo, Cr, and V. (7) Fisher discriminant analysis identifies Ni, Si, Cd, As, and Co based on the discriminant function. (8) Comprehensive identification reveals that Ni is the primary carcinogenic element, followed by Co, Cd, and Si in combination with toxicology. (9) The paragenesis of Si (nanoquartz), Ni, Co, and Cd is an interesting finding. In other words, carcinogenic elements Ni, Co, Cd, and Si and their paragenetic properties should receive more attention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Identification of core carcinogenic elements based on the age-standardized mortality rate of lung cancer in Xuanwei Formation coal in China

Chen,

Cheng,

Wang

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Enrichment factor (EF) was used to express the enrichment degree of elements in soil, and to judge and evaluate the source of elements in particulate matter [ 28 ]. EF can be calculated by [ 29 ]: EF = (C n /Fe) sample /(C n /Fe) background , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution Characteristics and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Coal-Bearing Sandstone Soil: A Case Study of Coal Mine Area in Southwest China

Deng

Sun

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Soil pollution in coal mining areas is a serious environmental problem in China and elsewhere. In this study, surface and vertical profile soil samples were collected from a coal mine area in Dazhu, Southwestern China. Microscopic observation, concentrations, chemical speciation, statistical analysis, spatial distribution, and risk assessment were used to assess heavy metal pollution. The results show that the weathering of coal-bearing sandstone and mining activities substantially contributed to soil pollution. The concentrations of Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Hg, and Pb exceeded their background values. Cd caused the most intense pollution and was associated with heavily–extremely contaminated soils. The residual fraction was dominant for most metals, except Cd and Mn, for which the reducible fraction was dominant (Cd: 55.17%; Mn: 81.16%). Zn, Ni, Cd, and Cu presented similar distribution patterns, and Hg and As also shared similar distribution characteristics. Factor 1 represented anthropogenic and lithologic sources, which were affected by mining activities; Factor 2 represented anthropogenic sources, e.g., fertilizers and traffic pollution; and Factor 3 represented the contribution of metals from soil-forming parent material. More than half of the study area had high pollution risk and was not suitable for vegetable cultivation.

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“…Xuanwei Formation coal continues to attract geologists, environmentalists, and medical scientists due to its unique mineral composition and geochemical characteristics (Dai et al, 2008(Dai et al, , 2014Downward et al, 2014aDownward et al, , 2017, and this coal has been considered to be the leading cause of the higher incidence of lung cancer among residents of four to eight times the national average (Chen et al, 2015). Previous studies have reported that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Chuang et al, 1992;Shen et al, 2008;Downward et al, 2014b;Ho et al, 2016;Vermeulen et al, 2019) and toxic elements (Shao et al, 2013;Lü et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021;Xiao et al, 2022) are associated with a higher incidence rate of lung cancer due to the development and use of coal. However, Tian (2005) and Tian et al (2008) observed abundant silica nanoparticles in the C1 bituminous coal, coal bottom ash, and lung tissue of lung cancer patients with a scanning electron microscope and hypothesized that silica nanoparticles were a potential cause of lung cancer (He et al, 2012;Lu et al, 2016;Downward et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, formation, and transformation of different forms of silica in Xuanwei Formation coal, China, and its’ emerging environmental problem

Chen,

Shi,

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The study on the origin of quartz and silica in Xuanwei Formation coal in Northwest Yunnan, China, is helpful to understand the relationship between quartz and silica and the high incidence of lung cancer from the root. To address these questions, the mineralogy and microscopic studies of silica in Xuanwei Formation coal were performed.The following results were obtained: (1) silica in the late Permian Xuanwei Formation coal seams originated from detrital input, early diagenesis, and late diagenesis. (2) A more signi cant contribution comes from early diagenesis, which contains abundant authigenic quartz and amorphous silica. (3) Quartz and silica from inorganic silicon are more symbiotic with kaolinite and from biogenic silicon with chamosite. (4) Three silica polymorphs in coal samples have been identi ed: opal-A (amorphous silica), opal-CT/-C (cristobalite/tridymite), and α quartz. ( 5) Opal-A is ubiquitous, while opal-CT/-C and α quartz are rare. (5) Opal-A is an amorphous and nontoxic ordinary silica. Highlights 1. Silica originated from detrital input, early diagenesis, and late diagenesis.2. Early diagenetic silica contains authigenic quartz and amorphous silica.3. Inorganic silica is more symbiotic with kaolinite and biogenic silica with chamosite. 4. Opal-A is ubiquitous, while opal-CT/-C and α quartz are rare. 5. Opal-A is an amorphous and nontoxic ordinary silica.

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Assessment of toxic elements in road dust from Hutou Village, China: implications for the highest incidence of lung cancer

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Identification of core carcinogenic elements based on the age-standardized mortality rate of lung cancer in Xuanwei Formation coal in China

Identification of core carcinogenic elements based on the age-standardized mortality rate of lung cancer in Xuanwei Formation coal in China

Pollution Characteristics and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Coal-Bearing Sandstone Soil: A Case Study of Coal Mine Area in Southwest China

Origin, formation, and transformation of different forms of silica in Xuanwei Formation coal, China, and its’ emerging environmental problem

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