Assessment of total dietary phosphorus requirement of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides , using soybean meal‐based diets: Effects on production performance, tissue mineralization, physiological parameters in plasma and intestine and expression of head‐kidney genes

Abstract

A 9‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate effects of supplemental phosphorus (P) in soybean meal (SBM)‐based diets for largemouth bass (LMB). Six isonitrogenous (~400 g/kg crude protein) and isolipidic (~130 g/kg crude lipid) diets containing non‐phytic acid phosphorus (nPA‐P) ranging from 4.1 to 10.5 g/kg were fed twice daily to triplicate groups of 20 feed‐trained LMB (9.5g). Upon conclusion of the feeding trial, regression analyses showed that growth, feed efficiency and survival of LMB were unaffected by diet. Intraperitoneal fat index and whole‐body lipid content of LMB decreased linearly as dietary nPA‐P increased from 4.1 to ~7.0 g/kg, while protein retention efficiency increased quadratically over the dietary range of nPA‐P. Regressions on whole‐body P and skeletal mineral (P, Ca, Mg and Zn) concentrations of LMB revealed optimal levels when dietary nPA‐P was ~7.0 g/kg. Increasing trends of MDA concentration and ALT activity in plasma and GPx activity in intestine in response to dietary nPA‐P were observed. Head‐kidney genes responded to dietary treatments and expression of GH, IGF‐1 and TGF‐β1 were highest and that of TNF‐α was lowest when dietary nPA‐P was 6.9 g/kg. Based on our results, practical diets for juvenile LMB should contain a minimum of 7.0 g/kg total nPA‐P.

Effects of Fishmeal Substitution with Mealworm Meals (Tenebrio molitor and Alphitobius diaperinus) on the Growth, Physiobiochemical Response, Digesta Microbiome, and Immune Genes Expression of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

“…-0. In fish nutrition studies, blood parameters including total protein, ALP, ALT, IgM, and TIBC are important indicators for health status in response to dietary manipulations of European sea bass [14], Indian major carps, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, and Cirrhinus mrigala [26], red seabream [27], blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala [35,45,81], largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides [29,31,82], and Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus [32]. The total protein in plasma is related to the enhancement of digested protein [81,83,84].…”

“…In fish nutrition studies, blood biochemistry and hepatic antioxidants are key parameters for evaluating fish health as it relates to nutritional manipulations [14,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The adaptive immune system of teleosts includes B cells, which produce three classes of immunoglobulins (Igs) such as IgM, IgD, and IgT (or IgZ in some species), with IgM+ being the predominant surface Ig isotype [33,34].…”

The effects of fish meal substitution by clam meal on the growth and health of Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus)

“…In fish nutrition studies, blood parameters (including total protein, ALP, ALT, IgM, etc.) are important indicators for health status in response to dietary manipulations 4 – 7 , 9 , 10 , 60 , 63 , 64 . Blood (plasma) total protein is related to the enhancement of digested protein 63 – 66 .…”

“…The physio-biochemical, immune and antioxidant parameters have been reported as key indicators of fish health in fish nutrition studies 3 – 8 . Blood parameters are also important indicators of fish health status in response to dietary treatments 3 , 5 – 7 , 9 , 10 . Liver is one of the target organs in fish nutrition studies with large quantities of unsaturated fatty acids.…”