Assessment of thyroid and gonadal function in liver diseases

Kharb, Simmi; Garg, MK; Puri, Pankaj; Brar, K. S.; Pandit, Aditi; Srivastava, Sharad

doi:10.4103/2230-8210.131761

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…On comparing the mean serum levels of FT3 in Child A, B, and C, the lowest levels were among the Child C group (1.4 ± 1.0), followed by the Child B group (1.9 ± 1.0), while the Child A group was within the normal range (2.5 ± 0.6). This is in agreement with [5], who found that serum total T3 was lower in all forms of liver disease when compared with controls. However, FT3 was significantly lower in patients with chronic liver disease, especially liver cirrhosis (Child B or C).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, it disagrees with [5], who found lower TSH levels in patients with chronic liver disease compared to controls. They suggested this was because there was an increased level of inflammatory cytokines that negatively affected the hypothalamic-thyroid axis in chronic liver disease.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…Among the endocrine disorders, thyroid disorders are the most common and the thyroid is one of the principal target organs for extrahepatic manifestations in HCV-infected patients [4]. The liver plays an important role in the metabolism of THS, as it is the most important organ in the peripheral conversion of tetraiodothyronine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) by type 1 deiodinase [2] [5]. Moreover, the liver is involved in thyroid hormone conjugation and excretion, as well as the synthesis of thyroid binding globulin [2] [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Level of Thyroid Hormones in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Elfeki

Abdalla

Atta

et al. 2016

OJEMD

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Objective: There are clinical and laboratory associations between thyroid and liver diseases. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to be responsible for both hepatic and extrahepatic diseases. The most frequent and clinically important endocrine extrahepatic diseases are thyroid disorders and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We aim to study the relationship between the serum level of thyroid hormones (THs) and the severity of liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (CHC) infection. Methods: 60 patients with CHC infection were selected for the study. They were divided into two groups: with or without liver cirrhosis. Those with liver cirrhosis were further subdivided according to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh scoring system. Serum levels of free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4) and TSH were measured to all patients. Results: There was decrease in the FT3 and FT4 levels and increase in the TSH levels in patients with CHC with cirrhosis when compared to patients with CHC without cirrhosis. Conclusion: Thyroid profile abnormalities were seen in cirrhotic HCV patients when compared to non-cirrhotic patients. The abnormalities in the serum level of THs (decreased FT3, FT4, and increased TSH) are strongly associated with the severity of liver damage and advancing of the child score.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Level of Thyroid Hormones in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Elfeki

Abdalla

Atta

et al. 2016

OJEMD

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“…The liver plays an important role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, as it is the most important organ in the peripheral conversion of tetraiodothyronine (T4) to T3 by Type 1 deiodinase. [ 3 4 ] Type I deiodinase is the major enzyme in the liver and accounts for approximately 30%–40% of extrathyroidal production of T3, it can carry out both 5’-and 5-deiodination of T4 to T3. Moreover, the liver is involved in thyroid hormone conjugation and excretion, as well as the synthesis of thyroid binding globulin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of thyroid dysfunction in cirrhosis of liver and correlation with severity of liver disease

Punekar

Sharma

Jain

2018

Indian J Endocr Metab

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Introduction:Liver plays an important role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, as it is the most important organ in the peripheral conversion of tetraiodothyronine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) by Type 1 deiodinase.Materials and Methods:This case–control study included 100 decompensated liver cirrhosis patients (71 males and 29 females) and 100 apparently healthy controls (71 male and 29 female). Serum FT3, FT4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and analyses between cases versus healthy controls (Group 1) and further analyses in subgroups, cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) cases (n = 38) versus cirrhosis without HE cases (Subgroup 1), cirrhosis survivors (n = 84) versus cirrhosis nonsurvivors (Subgroup 2), HE survivors (n = 23) versus HE nonsurvivors (Subgroup 3). Results were also analyzed for severity of liver disease according to Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) (Class A, B, and C), model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, and HE grades.Results:Most common etiology was alcohol (46%) and presentation was gross ascites (74%). Cirrhosis patients had statistically significant lower level of FT3 (P < 0.0001) and FT4 (P < 0.0001) but had higher level of TSH (P < 0.0001) compared with the controls. Cirrhosis with HE (n = 38) had significantly lower lever of FT3 (P < 0.0001) compared with cirrhosis without HE (n = 62), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in FT4 (P < 0.09) and TSH (P < 0.60) levels. FT3 level significantly low in HE Grade 4 patients compared with HE Grade 1 patients (P = 0.0001). In all cirrhotic patients, FT3 and FT4 were negatively correlated, but TSH level was positively correlated with total leukocyte counts, serum total bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, globulin, prothrombin time (PT), blood urea, serum creatinine, CTP, and MELD score. Overall, the most common abnormality seen was low T3 (low FT3) syndrome 41% (41 out of 100) in cases, 50% (19 out of 38) in cirrhosis with HE, and 32% (5 out of 16) in Non-survivors cases.Conclusion:The mean FT3 and FT4 levels were significantly decrease and mean TSH levels were significantly increase in liver cirrhosis patients compared to healthy controls. Level of FT3, FT4, and TSH also correlate with the severity of liver disease, level of FT3 can be used as prognostic marker for liver cirrhosis patients.

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“…The impact of ovariectomy on androgen function is controversial, but there is no dispute that androgen levels are very low in ovariectomized chickens ( Abraham et al., 1969 , Baum et al., 1978 , Nishino et al., 1998 , Turdi et al., 2015 ). Because steroid hormones have diverse activities, ovarian dysfunction is associated with a variety of pathologies, such as glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and immune system dysregulation ( Knöferl et al., 2001 , Wood et al., 2008 , Burra et al., 2010 , Kharb et al., 2015 ). Abdominal fat, insulin, and blood glucose levels are often significantly higher in ovariectomized rats, as are levels of liver lipids, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, and the effects can be reversed by estrogen replacement therapy ( Liu et al., 2004 , Wang et al., 2004 , Choi and Song, 2009 , Leite et al., 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovary removal modifies liver message RNA profiles in single Comb White Leghorn chickens

Bao

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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Ovaries produce sex hormones, and ovariectomized animals are often used as models for ovarian dysfunction. The liver is a vital organ involved in metabolism and immunity. In the present study, we conducted experiments to investigate the effects of ovariectomy on transcription and metabolic processes in the liver in chicken. Eight Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) female chickens were ovariectomized at 17 wk of age, and 8 intact SCWL females served as controls. At 100 wk of age, all chickens were euthanized. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing was performed on liver RNA obtained from ovariectomized and intact females. A total of 267 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in our study. After analysis using DAVID functional annotation tool, one significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway, was clustered. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis yielded 46 significant Gene Ontology terms. Among terms describing biological processes, the glycerolipid metabolic and lipid localization processes were dominant. The anabolic genes, PEPCK and GK5 , and the catabolic genes, VTG1 ; VTG2 ; PLD5 ; DGKQ ; DGKE ; and FABP3, were detected in ovariectomized chickens. Differentially expressed genes such as ENSGALG00000000162 , IL-1Β , SVOPL, and CA12 implied that livers in ovariectomized chickens were subjected to strong inflammatory reactions, whereas defenses against endogenous materials were compromised. A comprehensive view of gene expression in the liver of ovariectomized chickens would advance our understanding of lipid metabolism, glycometabolism, and their relationships to pathologies induced by absence of the ovary. The identified DEG indicated that ovariectomy disturbed lipid metabolism in the liver and was accompanied by an increase in hepatic gluconeogenesis and reductions in phosphatidic acid synthesis and lipid carrier capacity.

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Assessment of thyroid and gonadal function in liver diseases

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Serum Level of Thyroid Hormones in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Serum Level of Thyroid Hormones in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

A study of thyroid dysfunction in cirrhosis of liver and correlation with severity of liver disease

Ovary removal modifies liver message RNA profiles in single Comb White Leghorn chickens

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