Assessment of the Zoonotic Potential of a Novel Bovine Influenza Virus

Eckard, Laura

doi:10.21007/etd.cghs.2016.0405

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 107 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Serologic assays in two independent studies showed that IDV could potentially infect humans, although seropositivity rates in the studies differed. One of the studies reported 91% seropositivity among 35 persons working with cattle (White et al, 2016), and the other reported only 1% seropositivity among 741 persons with suspected high exposure to IDV (Eckard, 2016). Nevertheless, epidemiologic, serologic, and pathologic studies have suggested cattle are the primary natural reservoir for IDV (Collin et al, 2015; Ducatez et al, 2015; Ferguson et al, 2015; Ferguson et al, 2016; Hause et al, 2014; Jiang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence for high prevalence of Influenza D Viruses in Cattle, Nebraska, United States, 2003–2004

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Influenza D virus (IDV), a new member of the influenza virus family, was first reported in 2011 in swine in Oklahoma, USA, and then soon found in cattle across North America and Eurasia. Earlier studies suggested cattle serve as natural reservoir for IDV. The goal of this study is to perform a retrospective study looking at sera collected from Nebraska beef herds in 2003–2004 and 2014 for evidence of IDV antibodies. Results showed that all 40 randomly selected farms (2003–2004) we tested contained IDV seropositive adult animals and that approximately 98% of newborn calves (2014) had high levels of maternal antibodies against IDV. This study suggested that IDV exposures were present in Nebraska beef cattle since at least 2003.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence for high prevalence of Influenza D Viruses in Cattle, Nebraska, United States, 2003–2004

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are a number of animals susceptible to IDV, including sheep, goats [ 6 ], ferrets [ 3 ], and guinea pigs [ 7 ]. Importantly, serological studies have shown that a low percentage of human sera have detectable titers of specific antibodies against the influenza D viruses [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of Nuclear Export Signals of NS2 Protein of Influenza D Virus

Zhao

Xia

Huang

et al. 2020

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emerging influenza D viruses (IDVs), the newest member in the genus Orthomyxovirus family, which can infect and transmit in multiple mammalian species as its relatives the influenza A viruses (IAVs). Additional studies of biological characteristics of IDVs are needed; here, we studied the characteristics of IDV nonstructural protein 2 (NS2), which shares the lowest homology to known influenza proteins. First, we generated reassortant viruses via reverse genetics to analyze the segment compatibility and gene interchangeability between IAVs and IDVs. Next, we investigated the locations and exact sequences of nuclear export signals (NESs) of the IDV NS2 protein. Surprisingly, three separate NES regions were found to contribute to the nuclear export of an eGFP fusion protein. Alanine scanning mutagenesis identified critical amino acid residues within each NES, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that their nuclear export activities depend on the CRM1-mediated pathway, particularly for the third NES (136-146aa) of IDV NS2. Interestingly, the third NES was important for the interaction of NS2 protein with CRM1. The findings in this study contribute to the understanding of IDV NS2 protein’s role during nucleocytoplasmic transport of influenza viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs) and will also facilitate the development of novel anti-influenza drugs targeting nuclear export signals of IDV NS2 protein.

show abstract

“…Serological studies show the presence of IDV in beef cattle at least since 2004 (5). Bovine species are the main reservoir for IDV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ICV infection is characterized by mild clinical respiratory illness with a low frequency of infection, commonly in young and elderly individuals (24). IDV can infect ferrets, but has not transmitted from human to humans to date (4,5). ICV has a global distribution in children (25), and is reported in pigs (26), dogs (27), and camels (28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Diagnostic Assays for Differential Diagnosis Between the Two Distinct Lineages of Bovine Influenza D Viruses and Human Influenza C Viruses

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Influenza D virus (IDV), a novel orthomyxovirus, is currently emerging in cattle worldwide. It shares >50% sequence similarity with the human influenza C virus (HICV). Two clades of IDV are currently co-circulating in cattle herds in the U.S. New assays specific for each lineage are needed for accurate surveillance. Also, differential diagnosis between zoonotic human influenza C virus and the two clades of IDV are important to assess the zoonotic potential of IDV. We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on two different epitopes HEF and NP and four peptides, and fluorescent focus neutralization assay to differentiate between IDV bovine and swine clades. Calf sera were obtained, and bovine samples underwent surveillance. Our results highlight the importance of position 215 with 212 in determining the heterogeneity between the two lineages. We needed IFA and FFN for tissue culture–based analysis and a BSL2 facility for analyzing virus interactions. Unfortunately, these are not available in many veterinary centers. Hence, our second aim was to develop an iELISA using specific epitopes to detect two lineages of IDVs simultaneously. Epitope-iELISA accurately detects neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies against the IDV in non-BSL2 laboratories and veterinary clinics and is cost-effective and sensitive. To differentiate between IDVs and HICVs, whole antigen blocking, polypeptides, and single-peptide ELISAs were developed. A panel of ferret sera against both viruses was used. Results suggested that both IDV and ICV had a common ancestor, and IDV poses a zoonotic risk to individuals with prior or current exposure to cattle. IDV peptides IANAGVK (286–292 aa), KTDSGR (423–428 aa), and RTLTPAT (448–455 aa) could differentiate between the two viruses, whereas peptide AESSVNPGAKPQV (203–215 aa) detected the presence of IDV in human sera but could not deny that it could be ICV, because the only two conserved influenza C peptides shared 52% sequence similarity with IDV and cross-reacted with IDV. However, blocking ELISAs differentiated between the two viruses. Diagnostic tools and assays to differentiate between ICV and IDV are required for serological and epidemiological analysis to clarify the complexity and evolution and eliminate misdiagnosis between ICV and IDV in human samples.

show abstract

Assessment of the Zoonotic Potential of a Novel Bovine Influenza Virus

Cited by 11 publications

References 107 publications

Serological evidence for high prevalence of Influenza D Viruses in Cattle, Nebraska, United States, 2003–2004

Serological evidence for high prevalence of Influenza D Viruses in Cattle, Nebraska, United States, 2003–2004

Features of Nuclear Export Signals of NS2 Protein of Influenza D Virus

New Diagnostic Assays for Differential Diagnosis Between the Two Distinct Lineages of Bovine Influenza D Viruses and Human Influenza C Viruses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About