Assessment of the Vanillin Anti-Inflammatory and Regenerative Potentials in Inflamed Primary Human Gingival Fibroblast

Abstract

Background. Inflammatory responses have been associated with delayed oral mucosal wound healing and the pathogenesis of the periodontal disease. The invasion of microbes into the tissues and the establishment of a chronic infection may be due to impaired healing. The protracted inflammatory phase may delay wound healing and probably support tissue fibrosis and reduce tissue regeneration. Vanillin is a well-known natural compound with potential anti-inflammatory capacity. Hence, we hypothesized that Vanillin could accelerate wound healing reducing inflammation and especially cytokine production making the oral tissue repair process easier. Methods. Our hypothesis was tested using primary human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell pretreated with Vanillin and primed with IL-1β, as inductor of proinflammatory environment. After 24 hours of treatments, the gene expression and production of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, COX-2, iNOS, and nitric oxide (NO) generation and the wound healing rate were determined. Results. In IL-1β-primed cells, preincubation with Vanillin reduced IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, and iNOS expression and NO release, compared to IL-1β-primed cells. Moreover, Vanillin determines the increased gene expression of nAChRα7, leading us to hypothesize a role of Vanillin in the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Furthermore, in presence of mechanical injury, the Vanillin preincubation, wound closure may be reducing the expression and release of IL-6 and TNF-α and upregulation of COX-2 and IL-8. Conclusion. Together, the results of this study highlight the anti-inflammatory and tissue repair ability of Vanillin in IL-1β-primed HGF. Therefore, Vanillin shows a potential therapeutic interest as an inflammatory modulator molecule with novel application in periodontal regeneration and oral health.

Pharmacological effects of Bufei Jianpi granule on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its metabolism in rats

“…The mechanism is through inactivating the HMGB1/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome ( Chen et al, 2021 ). Moreover, nobiletin and vanillin also exert anti-inflammatory activity ( He et al, 2019 ; Costantini et al, 2021 ). Lignans are also related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.…”

Investigation of Cajuput and Lemongrass Essential Oils Supplemented in Alcohol-Free Mouthwash: Anti-Inflammation on Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells In Vitro

“…Multiple cell types, including activated macrophages, lymphocytes and gingival fibroblasts, secrete high inflammatory mediators; for example, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-(IL-)1β, IL-6, nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). These mediators are critical in chronic gingival inflammation and periodontal tissue destruction [3,4]. Therefore, inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators is a crucial therapeutic approach to reducing gingival and periodontal inflammation.…”

The radical scavenging activity of vanillin and its impact on the healing properties of wounds

“…[ 7 ] Vanillin has been demonstrated in Costantini studies to inhibit free radicals and inflammatory mediators while promoting the regeneration of periodontal tissue. [ 8 ] Vanillin has also been demonstrated to inhibit ROS-induced in vivo reactions. [ 8 9 ] The use of vanillin, a common natural flavoring compound, to protect wounds from oxidative stress and even provide additional advantages to the healing process is therefore interesting.…”

“…[ 8 ] Vanillin has also been demonstrated to inhibit ROS-induced in vivo reactions. [ 8 9 ] The use of vanillin, a common natural flavoring compound, to protect wounds from oxidative stress and even provide additional advantages to the healing process is therefore interesting. According to our knowledge, no research has been conducted on the efficacy of vanillin in accelerating the healing of skin wounds.…”