Assessment of the surface water quality improvement during pandemic lockdown in ecologically stressed Hooghly River(Ganges) Estuary, West Bengal, India

Chakraborty, Santanu; Sarkar, Kunal; Chakraborty, Shreya; Ojha, Ananya D.; Banik, Arjun; Chatterjee, Arindam; Ghosh, Sudakshina; Das, Madhusudan

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112711

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In terms of environmental pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, nitrogen dioxide, black carbon, and water contamination have decreased significantly ( Chakraborty and Maity, 2020 ). In India, several studies conducted on different rivers have found a reduction in industrial waste contamination and an improvement in water quality of about 40–50%, also leading to a reduction in heavy metal concentrations ( Chakraborty B. et al, 2021 ; Chakraborty, S. et al, 2021 ; Shukla et al, 2021 ). Therefore, continuous monitoring of ecosystems is necessary and valuable to obtain real-time information on environmental quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Covid-19 pandemic lockdown and environmental pollution assessment in Campania region (Italy) through the analysis of heavy metals in honeybees

Scivicco

Nolasco

Esposito

et al. 2022

Environmental Pollution

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Covid-19 pandemic lockdown and environmental pollution assessment in Campania region (Italy) through the analysis of heavy metals in honeybees

Scivicco

Nolasco

Esposito

et al. 2022

Environmental Pollution

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“…The treatment systems are not enough to cope-up toxicant removal; thus, the water quality improved in these stretches due to complete shut-down of industrial and commercial activities during lockdown. Chakraborty et al ( 2021a ) reported upto 50% decline in the concentrations of heavy metals in the Hoogly River Estuary during lockdown period. Karunanidhi et al ( 2021 ) observed about 20 to 38% decline in the concentrations of different heavy metals during lockdown in Thirumanimuthar River.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, the changes in discharge could be expected to be less pronounced during lockdown as also reported for other rivers in India (Khan et al 2021 ). In a study of the Hoogly River Estuary, Chakraborty et al ( 2021a ) observed about 50% increase in the concentration of dissolved oxygen during lockdown period. In the Bagmati River (Nepal), the DO level during lockdown period increased by about 1.5 folds (Pant et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Government of India imposed the lockdown in three phases in continuation from March 23rd to May 17, 2020, that completely restricted the social, economic, and urban-industrial activities. This period could be expected to show improvement in water quality and ecosystem responses in surface water bodies (Gard et al 2020 ; Karunanidhi et al 2021 ; Chakraborty et al 2021a ; Khan et al 2021 ). Because of the longitudinal heterogeneity in rivers, evaluation of temporal and spatial patterns of water quality and microbial functional attributes is important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on water quality, microbial extracellular enzyme activity, and sediment-P release in the Ganga River, India

Singh

Pandey

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study investigates possible improvement in water quality and ecosystem functions in the Ganga River as influenced by COVID-19 lockdown in India. A total of 132 samples were collected during summer-2020 low flow (coinciding COVID-19 lockdown) for water (sub-surface and sediment-water interface) and 132 samples separately for sediment (river bottom and land-water interface) considering 518-km main river stem including three-point sources (one releases urban sewage and the other two add metal-rich industrial effluents) and a pollution-impacted tributary. Parameters such as dissolved oxygen deficit and the concentrations of carbon, nutrients (N and P), and heavy metals were measured in water. Sediment P-release was measured in bottom sediment whereas extracellular enzymes (EE; alkaline phosphatase, FDAase, protease, and β-D-glucosidase) and CO 2 emission were measured at land-water interface to evaluate changes in water quality and ecosystem functions. The data comparisons were made with preceding year (2019) measurements. Sediment-P release and the concentrations of carbon, nutrients, and heavy metals declined significantly ( p <0.05) in 2020 compared to those recorded in 2019. Unlike the preceding year, we did not observe benthic hypoxia (DO <2.0 mg L −1 ) in 2020 even at the most polluted site. The EE activities, which declined sharply in the year 2019, showed improvement during the 2020. The stability coefficient and correlative evidences also showed a large improvement in the water quality and functional variables. Positive changes in functional attributes indicated a transient recovery when human perturbations withdrawn. The study suggests that timing the ecosystem recovery windows, as observed here, may help taking management decision to design mitigation actions for rivers to recover from anthropogenic perturbations.

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“…On April 4, 2019, a significant change of 79% in dissolved oxygen was noted in Nagwa Nala of Varanasi. It escalated from 3.8 milligrams/litre to 6.8 milligram/litre (Chakraborty et al, 2021). A notable change can also be observed in the beaches of the world due to the lack of tourists.…”

Section: Sulphur Dioxidementioning

confidence: 98%

The dynamics of the first wave of COVID-19 on environment and wildlife– a boon or a bane?

Sharma

Mago

Rawal

2022

ECJ

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Even though COVID-19 has drastically weighed upon the humankind, still there is a “silver lining” to see in this dark time. Amidst of this pandemic, most of the human activities were restricted to break the chain of infection which resulted the remarkable change in nature. It has been reported that due to halt in air travel, reduction in the use of fossil fuels, way less functioning of vehicles, shutdown of industries has complied the change in air pollution levels and also change in river water quality. Reports also showed the reduction in particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10), greenhouse gases emissions, massive improvement in the Air quality index (AQI), reduction in the NOX and SOX’s level has clearly stipulated that nature has got it’s time to “revive”. Even the global carbon emission has reported to reduced reluctantly which is expected to be the biggest such drop since World War II. Despite conducting water-cleansing projects and spending a lot of money, the situation of the water bodies were far better now during first lockdown. Moreover, migration and breeding of the birds and animals have been reported to be restored to normal pattern due to depletion in man-animal conflict. Apart from the positive, negative impacts on the nature are also being experienced. Our review work is highlighting such impacts witnessed during the first wave of COVID-19, like, the significant improvement in air and water quality, reduction in environmental noise, therefore an in turn cleaner and quieter habitat for the wildlife to mate and also to quench their curiosities by their surprising excursions; but there are also some negative aspects as well, like reduction in recycling and the increase in waste, increased poaching and even lone shuttering of zoo animals.

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Assessment of the surface water quality improvement during pandemic lockdown in ecologically stressed Hooghly River(Ganges) Estuary, West Bengal, India

Cited by 23 publications

References 72 publications

Effects of Covid-19 pandemic lockdown and environmental pollution assessment in Campania region (Italy) through the analysis of heavy metals in honeybees

Effects of Covid-19 pandemic lockdown and environmental pollution assessment in Campania region (Italy) through the analysis of heavy metals in honeybees

Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on water quality, microbial extracellular enzyme activity, and sediment-P release in the Ganga River, India

The dynamics of the first wave of COVID-19 on environment and wildlife– a boon or a bane?

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