Assessment of the surface chemistry of carbon blacks by TGA-MS, XPS and inverse gas chromatography using statistical chemometric analysis

Strzemięcka, Beata; Voelkel, Adam; Donate-Robles, Jessica; Martı́n-Martı́nez, José Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.07.174

Cited by 85 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The second weight loss region was observed between 150–400 °C, and the weight loss in this region is around 5 %. This could be due to burnt‐out cellulose and hemicellulose components . The third weight loss region is within the temperature range of 400–800 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Adsorption of volatile organic compounds on peanut shell activated carbon

et al. 2018

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The aims of this work were to prepare porous activated carbon from peanut shell by chemical activation using ZnCl2 and study its volatile organic compounds adsorption capacities. The adsorption properties of ethyl on the prepared activated carbon were experimentally determined at different temperatures. The surface textural characteristic of the activated carbon was evaluated by N2 adsorption isotherm measurements. The average BET surface area, pore size, and micro‐pore volume of the prepared activated carbon were 1025 m2/g, 0.70 nm, and 0.37 cm3/g, respectively, with narrow pore size distribution. Higher adsorption capacity of toluene on the activated carbon was observed compared to ethyl benzene and p‐xylene, in particular at low vapour concentration ranges. The experimental isotherm data were also analyzed using the Langmuir, Langmuir‐Freundlich, and multisite Langmuir isotherm model. The Langmuir‐Freundlich and multisite Langmuir model provide the best fit for volatile organic compound adsorption isotherms. In addition, the surface and thermal properties of the activated carbon were also investigated using FT‐IR, Zeta‐potential, and TGA. Overall, the peanut shell activated carbon prepared in this study exhibited comparable surface properties and adsorption performance with the available commercial activated carbons and activated carbons prepared from other various sources reported in other literature.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Adsorption of volatile organic compounds on peanut shell activated carbon

et al. 2018

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“…Figure (b,c) shows deconvoluted high resolution XPS spectra between 280 and 294 eV for CNT and OCNT, respectively [Supporting Information Figure S1(a) for OCNT‐TEPA and Figure S1(b) for OCNT‐TEPA‐AM]. The spectra show photoemission peaks for CC and CC at 284.5 and 285.1 eV, respectively . The decreased percentages for the photoemission peaks related to CC and CC for the OCNT, OCNT‐TEPA, and OCNT‐TEPA‐AM samples compared with CNT were due to the oxidation and grafting of aminated molecules.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyacrylamide copolymer/aminated carbon nanotube‐based aqueous nanofluids for application in high temperature and salinity

Lima

Amparo

Siqueira

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polymer aqueous nanofluids have numerous industrial applications due to their synergic properties as a polymer and nanoparticle in the same fluid. The main goal of this work was to prepare stable aqueous nanofluids with improved viscosity in high temperature and salinity conditions. Aminated carbon nanotube (OCNT‐TEPA) presented a CN photoemission peak at 285.5 eV in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra, which is evidence of a grafting reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectra presented absorption bands attributed to amide and amine bonds. Elemental analyses showed 1.9 and 3.2 mass % N content increases for OCNT‐TEPA and OCNT‐TEPA‐AM, respectively. Samples aged at 70 °C in brine confirmed that the addition of OCNT‐TEPA increased the viscosity of nanofluids to 30% at day 90 compared to acrylamide–acrylic acid copolymer fluids. Nanotubes presented only 35% of the aminated functions compared to carbon black (Lima et al., Carbon 2016, 109, 209) , and their effects in the enhancement of viscosity and thermal and colloidal stability were 2× greater. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46382.

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“…11, only one band was observed in the P2p XPS spectra, and the peak at 134.8 in the P2P spectra of char layer was assigned to the O = P-O-C groups. [22] Therefore, during the combustion of PLA composites, the O 2 first reacted with the aliphatic chains to form hydroperoxides. Meanwhile the degradation of APP and CNCA-DA would form phosphate esters and polyphosphate.…”

Section: Chemical Structure Of Final Charmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21][22][23] The bands centered around 533 eV can be assigned to -O-in C-O-C, C-O-P, and/or C-OH groups, and some -O-was bound to aromatic species. [21][22][23] As could be seen from Table 6, the PLA-4 had higher percent of band at about 533 eV than that of PLA-8, which revealed that more cross-linking structure containing -O-was formed, and it agreed with the analysis result of C1s spectra.…”

Section: Chemical Structure Of Final Charmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardant properties and mechanism of an efficient intumescent flame retardant PLA composites

Cao

Liang

Jiang

et al. 2016

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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The charring agent (CNCA-DA) containing triazine and benzene rings was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to form intumescent flame retardant (IFR), and it was occupied to modify polylactide (PLA). The flame retardant properties and mechanism of flame retardant PLA composites were investigated by the limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), thermogravimetric analysis, microscale combustion calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analysis from LOI and UL-94 presented that the IFR was very effective in flame retardancy of PLA. When the weight ratio of APP to CNCA-DA was 3:1, and the IFR loading was 30%, the IFR showed the best effect, and the LOI value reached 45.6%. It was found that when 20 wt% IFR was loaded, the flame retardancy of PLA/IFR still passed UL-94 V-0 rating, and its LOI value reached 32.8%. The microscale combustion calorimetry results showed that PLA/IFR had lower heat release rate, total heat release, and heat release capacity than other composites, and there was an obvious synergistic effect between APP and CNCA-DA for PLA. IFR containing APP/CNCA-DA had good thermal stability and char-forming ability with the char residue 29.3% at 800°C under N 2 atmosphere. Scanning electron microscopy observation further indicated that IFR could promote forming continuous and compact intumescent char layer. The laser Raman spectroscopy analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis results indicated that an appropriate graphitization degree of the residue char was formed, and more O and N were remained to form more cross-linking structure.

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Assessment of the surface chemistry of carbon blacks by TGA-MS, XPS and inverse gas chromatography using statistical chemometric analysis

Cited by 85 publications

References 28 publications

Adsorption of volatile organic compounds on peanut shell activated carbon

Adsorption of volatile organic compounds on peanut shell activated carbon

Polyacrylamide copolymer/aminated carbon nanotube‐based aqueous nanofluids for application in high temperature and salinity

Flame retardant properties and mechanism of an efficient intumescent flame retardant PLA composites

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