Assessment of the social and economic burden of glaucoma in Bulgaria

Grekova, Daniela D.; Andreevska, Kalina; Petrova, Guenka; Petkova, Valentina

doi:10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-18-647

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Many people with POAG are partially blind due to untimely diagnosis [13], poor health care [17] and low levels of health education and awareness, especially in developing countries [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available studies depending on the economic development of the countries indicate annual direct medical costs of 45-809 euros. [5,12,13,15,27] The burden of direct medical costs on the monthly personal income is significantly higher in patients with advanced clinical stage, who receive low monthly personal income (One Way ANOVA: Av = 6.38; p = 0.0001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to long-term treatment, high treatment costs and low cost effectiveness, glaucoma generates individual and family financial burden [5,6,7] and has a huge socio-economic impact on the society and population [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost effectiveness analysis associated to the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma according to disease severity

et al. 2022

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Introduction/Objective. POAG treatment should be individually tailored to the disease severity and type, effectiveness and secondary side effects of the medications used. This research aimed to assess the direct medical costs and the cost effectiveness associated with pharmacotherapy in visually impaired people with primary open-angle glaucoma according to disease severity. Methods. This scientific study is designed as an observational cross-sectional study with a quantitative analytical approach and was conducted in the period from July 2020 to June 2021 on the territory of North Macedonia. The study included 157 patients with binocular POAG in the early, moderate and advanced clinical stage, up to the age of 67, with changes in visual acuity and work ability. During the assessment of the effects of pharmacotherapy were analyzed the types, mutual correlations and effectiveness of the most commonly prescribed antiglaucomatous medications and the cost benefit from their administration. Direct medical costs are calculated according to disease severity in the last 12 months using real-time data of public interest. Results. The beta blockers due to their affordable price and availability are the dominant option with high-cost benefit for primary treatment of POAG. Antiglaucoma medications and diagnostic procedures are major components of direct medical treatment costs. Conclusion. Pharmacotherapy is the dominant alternative compared to other types of treatment because it is safer and is associated with greater effictiveness and lower direct medical costs.

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“…Many people with POAG are partially blind due to untimely diagnosis [13], poor health care [17] and low levels of health education and awareness, especially in developing countries [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost effectiveness analysis associated to the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma according to disease severity

et al. 2022

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“…Other studies have estimated the economic cost of glaucoma. 12 , 13 Some studies have concluded that, glaucoma patients are very likely to suffer the intangible burden, including psychological pain of anxiety and depression. 14 , 15 The heavy economic cost combined with the fear of blindness and permanent visual impairment exacerbate the psychological problems glaucoma patients go through.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic cost of management of glaucoma in public and private health facilities in the Tema metropolis in Ghana

Adda,

Amon,

Nonvignon

et al. 2024

gmj

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Objectives: This study sought to determine the economic cost of the management of glaucoma among patients seeking care in health facilities in Ghana.Design: A cross-sectional cost-of-illness (COI) study from the perspective of the patients was employed.Setting: The study was conducted in public and private eye care facilities in the Tema Metropolis of Ghana.Participants: About 180 randomly selected glaucoma patients seeking healthcare at two facilities participated in the study.Main outcome measure: Direct cost, including medical and non-medical costs, indirect cost, and intangible burden of management of glaucoma.Results: the cost per patient treated for glaucoma in both facilities was US$60.78 (95% CI: 18.66-107.80), with the cost in the public facilities being slightly higher (US$62.50) than the private facility (US$ 59.3). The largest cost burden in both facilities was from direct cost, which constituted about 94% of the overall cost. Medicines (42%) and laboratory and diagnostics (26%) were the major drivers of the direct cost. The overall cost within the study population was US$10,252.06. Patients paid out of pocket for the frequently used drug- Timolol, although expected to be covered under the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Patients, however, expressed moderate intangible burdens due to glaucoma.Conclusion: The cost of the management of glaucoma is high from the perspective of patients. The direct costs were high, with the main cost drivers being medicines, laboratory and diagnostics. It is recommended that the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) should consider payment for commonly used medications to minimize the burden on patients.

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Exploration of the aptitude to alleviate oxidative impairment and curb colorectal cancer manifestation by Nostoc calcicola in HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells

Gupta,

Khader,

Syed Zameer Ahmed

et al. 2023

Futur J Pharm Sci

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Background Marine cyanobacteria have been known to contain several unique bioactive compounds which have different therapeutic potentials. The current research focuses to identify the efficacy of Nostoc calcicola to counteract the harmful effects of free radicals and testing its anticancer activity against colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). Results Methanol is used as a solvent for the extraction of bioactive metabolites from Nostoc calcicola followed by phytochemical screening representing the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and steroids to find out bioactive metabolites. Furthermore, evaluation of the extract efficacy revealed the profound ability of Nostoc calcicola to scavenge free radicals by neutralizing different reactive oxygen species. At 100 µg/mL concentration, it inhibited DPPH radicals (73.4%), enhanced phosphomolybdenum reduction (53.5%), displayed ferric-reducing power (55.1%), and finally the extract revealed remarkable hydroxyl radicals scavenging capacity (94.8%), compared to the standards. These compelling results emphasize the robust antioxidant potential of the Nostoc calcicola extract. In vitro, studies demonstrated the selective cytotoxic effects of methanol extracts of Nostoc calcicola on the HT-29 human colorectal cancer cell line, as indicated by IC50 values of 25 µg/mL for the extracts. Treatment with me Nostoc calcicola decreased the cell viability of HT-29 cells followed by consistent morphological changes leading to cytotoxicity. Nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation were observed using AO/EtBr and DAPI staining. Flow cytometry analysis further confirmed the incidence of apoptosis during the S phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, western blotting analysis confirmed the activation of caspase 9, a pivotal enzyme in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, suggesting the ability of Nostoc calcicola to induce apoptosis in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Conclusion These findings underscore the potential of Nostoc calcicola as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anticancer properties, warranting further investigation for their potential therapeutic applications in colorectal cancer. Graphical Abstract

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Assessment of the social and economic burden of glaucoma in Bulgaria

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Cost effectiveness analysis associated to the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma according to disease severity

Cost effectiveness analysis associated to the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma according to disease severity

Economic cost of management of glaucoma in public and private health facilities in the Tema metropolis in Ghana

Exploration of the aptitude to alleviate oxidative impairment and curb colorectal cancer manifestation by Nostoc calcicola in HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells

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