Assessment of the sensitivity of primary cells and cell lines to the Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes in the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease virus

Abstract

Virus isolation is the gold standard for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) detection in diagnostic procedures. This technique is heavily reliant on the use of sensitive cells for rapid and accurate detection of FMDV. To investigate the sensitivity of RM (primary lamb kidney cells), BHK-21 (baby hamster kidney cells) and IR-P1 (a derivative of female pig kidney cells) to infection with FMDV of the Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes, we examined the virus concentration required to induce cytopathic effect (CPE) on each cell type. The results suggested that sensitivity of RM and IR-P1 cells was high and not significantly different (P < 0.05). BHK-21 however, exhibited low sensitivity to the strains used. Comparisons of three batches of each cell type were also done to establish the consistency of the sensitivity of these cells to FMDV infection. IR-P1 and BHK-21 cell batches gave consistent results for all samples used whereas RM cells showed significant differences (P > 0.05) between batches. TCID 50/ml was used to determine the viral titre required to induce CPE. IR-P1 cell line proved to have consistently higher TCID50/mL for all cell batches while RM cell batches displayed a difference in TCID50/mL values. The IR-P1 cell line was concluded to be a good cell culture system for virus isolation as it showed relatively high and reproducible sensitivity to all the FMDV strains used. The findings of this study indicate that the use of IR-P1 cell line could be considered for FMDV diagnostic work.

Attempt to Isolate Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Using a Continuous Cell Culture System

“…Virus isolation using the cell culture system has been extensively used as a standard laboratory procedure for the propagation of viruses in vitro [12,15,16] ( Kabelo et al, 2020;Meister et al, 2019;Taylor, 2013). This procedure has not only produced progeny viruses, but it can also be used to study in vitro viral pathogenesis in the pursuit of alternative therapeutic medications or for the control of these viruses [12,15,17,18] (Kabelo et al, 2020;Meister et al, 2019;Pringproa et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2017). In EEHV, however, isolation and propagation of viruses using the cell culture system have not been successful thus far.…”

“…Virus isolation is recognized as just one of the "gold standard" methods that are used to diagnose several types of viruses, for which alternative diagnostic methods must be compared [11][12][13][14]. In pharmacological studies, direct antiviral drug testing requires a laboratory cell culture model for the growth and propagation of the virus [15,16].…”

Evaluation of specific chicken IgY antibody value developing diagnostic capture antibody ELISA kit against Foot and Mouth disease

“…The virus neutralization (VN) test is considered to be the gold standard test for FMDV. According to the speed, reproducibility, and efficacy of the VN test, it has been globally and routinely applied instead of other serological tests [6,7]. However, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test is also applied in order to detect the FMDV as it is less time-consuming than VN and provides faster clinical diagnosis tests.…”

“…However, the ELISA test has the advantages of superior sensitivity and detection of the whole infected particle. Therefore, the production of costeffective diagnostic ELISA kits with high sensitivity seems to be a crucial diagnostic approach in both detecting and serotyping the virus (6,7). The tendency of antibodies for antigen binding, as one of the main immunity functions, leads to neutralization and immobilization of the detected antigen.…”

Rapid detection and isolation of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in samples from clinically suspected animals in Egypt during 2016-2019.

“…Virus isolation is the gold standard for FMDV detection in diagnostic procedures. This technique is reliant on the use of sensitive cells such as primary cultures of bovine thyroid and porcine kidney or BHK-21 and IR-P1 cell line for rapid and accurate detection of FMDV (Kabelo et al, 2020). RT-PCR is a strong and valuable tool concomitant with diagnostic routine methods facilitate monitoring the fields FMDV strains.…”