Assessment of the Secondary Metabolite Patulin and Lycium Barbarum Fruit on INS-1 Rat Pancreatic Β-Cells

Abstract

Patulin has been shown to have diabetogenic effects in mice. The effects on pancreatic β-cell viability and function of secondary metabolite patulin were investigated. Using forty adult albino male rats which divided into 4 groups. Control group was injected subcutaneously daily with distilled water for one week; group I was injected subcutaneously daily with Patulin (0.2 mg/kg/day) for two weeks. Group II was injected with the same toxin and dose for two weeks after that they were treated by Goji extract (2 ml/kg /day.) for two weeks. Group III was treated by Goji for two weeks after that they were injected with patulin for two weeks. Some biochemical parameters of blood samples for experimental rodents were evaluated. Patulin group shows significant increase in amylase and glucose levels. But level of C-peptide and Insulin decreased significantly in this group. However, there is no significant alteration in Lipase level between patulin group and control. Groups treated with goji extract in groups two and three (therapeutic and prophylactic) illustrated non significant alteration in biochemical parameters compared to control.

Patulin Alters Insulin Signaling and Metabolic Flexibility in HepG2 and HEK293 Cells

“…A recent study showed PAT was cytotoxic to rat pancreatic β cells but did not affect insulin production [24,25] prompting examination of the insulin signaling cascade in this study. The IR, a tyrosine kinase, undergoes autophosphorylation catalyzing the phosphorylation and activation of downstream cellular proteins including IRS-1, the PI3K/Akt pathway and ERK/MAPK pathway.…”

“…Insulin resistance precedes increased PCK and PYGL expression causing glucose efflux and hyperglycemia [19]. Previous studies in animals have referred to PAT as diabetogenic describing elevated glucose levels, depleted glycogen stores and mitochondrial dysfunction following PAT exposure, but mechanistic data in human models are lacking [15,24,25]. PAT toxicity has been described previously in the liver and kidney-both of which have high metabolic demands and are regulators in glucose homeostasis [11,17,26,27].…”