Assessment of the Resource Potential of Baltic Sea Macroalgae

Abstract

The excess biomass of drifting algae and their casting to the Baltic Sea coast imposes a significant environmental burden. The analysis of beach-cast algae showed that the dominant species are macroalgae Ulva sp., Furcellaria lumbricalis, Cladophora sp., and Polysiphonia fucoides. The biomass of Furcellaria and Polysiphonia algae, containing 25.6% and 19.98% sugars, respectively, has the greatest resource potential in terms of obtaining carbohydrates. Fucose, glucose, and galactose were found to be the most common carbohydrates. The lipid content did not exceed 4.3% (2.3–4.3%), while the fatty acid composition was represented by saturated fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, methyloleic, behenic, etc.). The highest content of crude protein was found in samples of macroalgae of the genus Polysiphonia and amounted to 28.2%. A study of the elemental composition of drifting algae revealed that they have a high carbon content (31.3–37.5%) and a low hydrogen (4.96–5.82%), and sulfur (1.75–3.00%) content. Red algal biomass has the most resource potential in terms of biofuel generation, as it has a high number of lipids and proteins that can produce melanoidins during hydrothermal liquefaction, enhancing the fuel yield. The study noted the feasibility of using the biomass of the studied algae taxa to produce polysaccharides and biofuels. The analyses of antioxidant properties, fat content, and fat composition do not provide convincing evidence of the viability of using the aforementioned macroalgae for their production.

Effect of solid-state fermentation and ultrasonication processes on antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of algae extracts

“…According to Li et al ( 86 ), LAB fermentation has a significant impact on the phenolic profile, as well as on antioxidant activity, because during the process, various phenolic acids could be excreted to the fermentable matrix ( 86 ). It was reported that Furcellaria extracts, in comparison with Cladophora and Ulva sp ., had the highest antioxidant activity of all the macroalgae alcoholic extracts tested ( 87 ). It has also been shown that the ethanolic extract of green and red seaweeds exhibit a high scavenging activity and a higher DPPH • of brown and green seaweeds in comparison with red ( 83 , 88 – 90 ).…”

Changes in Microbiota Composition during the Anaerobic Digestion of Macroalgae in a Three-Stage Bioreactor

“…All members of this order are able to produce methane from CO 2 and H 2 . In many species, formate and secondary alcohols are used as alternative electron donors [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Fermentation of micro- and macroalgae as a way to produce value-added products

“…Not only does the processing of drifting macroalgae into value-added products solve the climatic and environmental problems of coastal zone cleaning, but it also has a significant economic impact, including a multiplicative nature, at least by increasing its tourist attractiveness [10] . The concept of “zero-waste production” is a key concept in today's biofuel industry.…”