“…These models have proved versatile and accurate in their estimation of the total economic impacts of a range of hazards, including both terrorist attacks and natural disasters. Specific applications include the economic consequences of 9/11 (Rose and Blomberg 2010), a radiological dispersion device ("dirty bomb") attack (Giesecke et al 2012), an H1N1 epidemic (Dixon et al 2010), a major earthquake (Rose, Wei, and Wein 2011), and a severe winter storm and ensuing flooding (Sue Wing, Rose, and Wein 2010). Unfortunately, these models are time-consuming to construct and operate, and cannot provide quick response results unless a model for a specific region or country is already in place.…”