Assessment of the regional atmospheric impact of wildfire emissions based on CO observations at the ZOTTO tall tower station in central Siberia

Vasileva, A. V.; Moiseenko, K. B.; Mayer, Jens-Christopher; Jürgens, Norbert; Панов, А. В.; Heimann, Martin; Andreae, Meinrat O.

doi:10.1029/2010jd014571

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The intercept of −2.2 ± 3.6 ppb is within the standard error the same as on BARCA-A, and if an intercept of −5.8 is forced, the slope becomes 0.96. A similar intercept had been obtained for the flask and in-situ data obtained at the ZOTTO station in Siberia, where the same type of flasks and instrumentation is used (Vasileva et al, 2011), and is most likely due to CO production in the flasks during storage (see below). To bring the airborne real-time and flask data onto the same scale, the regression equations above were used to adjust the flask values to the in-situ scale.…”

Section: Airborne Real-time Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Carbon monoxide and related trace gases and aerosols over the Amazon Basin during the wet and dry seasons

Artaxo²,

et al. 2012

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Abstract. We present the results of airborne measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and aerosol particle number concentration (CN) made during the Balanço Atmosférico Regional de Carbono na Amazônia (BARCA) program. The primary goal of BARCA is to address the question of basinscale sources and sinks of CO 2 and other atmospheric carbon species, a central issue of the Large-scale BiosphereAtmosphere (LBA) program. The experiment consisted of two aircraft campaigns during November-December 2008 (BARCA-A) and May-June 2009 (BARCA-B), which covered the altitude range from the surface up to about 4500 m, and spanned most of the Amazon Basin.Based on meteorological analysis and measurements of the tracer, SF 6 , we found that airmasses over the Amazon Basin during the late dry season (BARCA-A, November 2008) originated predominantly from the Southern Hemisphere, while during the late wet season (BARCA-B, May 2009) low-level airmasses were dominated by northernhemispheric inflow and mid-tropospheric airmasses were of mixed origin. In BARCA-A we found strong influence of biomass burning emissions on the composition of the atmosphere over much of the Amazon Basin, with CO enhancements up to 300 ppb and CN concentrations approaching 10 000 cm −3 ; the highest values were in the southern part of the Basin at altitudes of 1-3 km. The CN/ CO ratios were diagnostic for biomass burning emissions, and were lower in aged than in fresh smoke. Fresh emissions indicated CO/CO 2 and CN/CO emission ratios in good agreement with previous work, but our results also highlight the need to consider the residual smoldering combustion that takes place after the active flaming phase of deforestation fires.During the late wet season, in contrast, there was little evidence for a significant presence of biomass smoke. Low CN concentrations (300-500 cm −3 ) prevailed basinwide, and CO mixing ratios were enhanced by only ∼10 ppb above the mixing line between Northern and Southern Hemisphere air. There was no detectable trend in CO with distance from the coast, but there was a small enhancement of CO in the boundary layer suggesting diffuse biogenic sources from photochemical degradation of biogenic volatile organic compounds or direct biological emission.Simulations of CO distributions during BARCA-A using a range of models yielded general agreement in spatial distribution and confirm the important contribution from biomass burning emissions, but the models evidence some systematic quantitative differences compared to observed CO concentrations. These mismatches appear to be related to problems with the accuracy of the global background fields, the role Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. M. O. Andreae et al.: Carbon monoxide and related trace gases and aerosolsof vertical transport and biomass smoke injection height, the choice of model resolution, and reliability and temporal resolution of the emissions data base.

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Section: Airborne Real-time Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Carbon monoxide and related trace gases and aerosols over the Amazon Basin during the wet and dry seasons

Artaxo²,

et al. 2012

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“…Previous studies based on CO measurements during 2007 and 2008 (Vasileva et al, 2011) and those complemented by an analysis of aerosol properties (concentration, absorption, and scattering coefficients) from 2006 to 2012 indicate that in the summer season pollution events are mainly associated with biomass burning emissions. Our results are in agreement with these earlier studies.…”

Section: Polluted Summer Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summertime, strong Siberian forest fires are responsible for elevated concentrations of CO, PM, and carbonaceous species, and in the spring and fall seasons both agricultural burning and anthropogenic emissions contribute to the observed elevated concentrations at ZOTTO. In general, our 14380 E. F. Mikhailov et al: Long-term measurements (2010-2014 (Vasileva et al, 2011), between September 2006 and December 2011 , and from September 2006 to December 2011 . Figure 11 shows the time series of CO, EC, OC, and PM 10 background concentrations, which were obtained based on the REBS algorithm.…”

Section: Polluted Air In the Transition Seasonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes the expansion of agriculture at the southern end of the boreal forest zone, forest logging, as well as impacts on steppe and forest fire regimes Vasileva et al, 2011;Heintzenberg et al, 2013;Mikhailov et al, 2015a;Panov et al, 2015). In addition, the massive expansion of oil and gas wells, predominantly in northwestern Siberia, is likely to have an impact on aerosol and trace gas emissions through gas flaring and potential leaks in the mining and transport infrastructure Heimann et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term measurements (2010–2014) of carbonaceous aerosol and carbon monoxide at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) in central Siberia

et al. 2017

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Abstract. We present long-term (5-year) measurements of particulate matter with an upper diameter limit of ∼ 10 µm (PM 10 ), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in aerosol filter samples collected at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory in the middle-taiga subzone (Siberia). The data are complemented with carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. Air mass back trajectory analysis and satellite image analysis were used to characterise potential source regions and the transport pathway of haze plumes. Polluted and background periods were selected using a non-parametric statistical approach and analysed separately. In addition, near-pristine air masses were selected based on their EC concentrations being below the detection limit of our thermal-optical instrument. Over the entire sampling campaign, 75 and 48 % of air masses in winter and in summer, respectively, and 42 % in spring and fall are classified as polluted. The observed background concentrations of CO and EC showed a sine-like behaviour with a period of 365 ± 4 days, mostly due to different degrees of dilution and the removal of polluted air masses arriving at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) from remote sources. Our analysis of the near-pristine conditions shows that the longest periods with clean air masses were observed in summer, with a frequency of 17 %, while in wintertime only 1 % can be classified as a clean. Against a background of low concentrations of CO, EC, and OC in the near-pristine summertime, it was possible to identify pollution plumes that most likely came from crude-oil production sites located in the oil-rich regions of Western Siberia. Overall, our analysis indicates that most of the time the Siberian region is impacted by atmospheric pollution arising from biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions. A relatively clean atmosphere can be observed mainly in summer, when polluted species are removed by precipitation and the aerosol burden returns to near-pristine conditions.

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“…In the northern mid-and high latitudes, anthropogenic emissions dominate CO sources in winter, while oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is the largest source of CO in summer. Modeling and observational studies suggest that strong natural and humaninduced boreal forest fires, occurring mainly in Siberia, are a main cause of the increased CO burdens in the northern hemispheric summer during specific years (Kasischke et al, 2005;Yurganov et al, 2005;Vasileva et al, 2011). During recent decades, measurements of CO in the troposphere have been made at various locations around the world, but very few exist from the vast regions of northern Eurasia.…”

Section: Chi Et Al: Long-term Measurements Of Aerosol and Carbon mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term measurements of aerosol and carbon monoxide at the ZOTTO tall tower to characterize polluted and pristine air in the Siberian taiga

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Siberia is one of few continental regions in the Northern Hemisphere where the atmosphere may sometimes approach pristine background conditions. We present the time series of aerosol and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements between September 2006 and December 2011 at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) in Central Siberia (61 • N; 89 • E). We investigate the seasonal, weekly and diurnal variations of aerosol properties (including absorption and scattering coefficients and derived parameters, such as equivalent black carbon (BC e ), Ångström exponent, single scattering albedo, and backscattering ratio) and the CO mixing ratios. Criteria were established to distinguish polluted from near-pristine air masses, providing quantitative characteristics for each type. Depending on the season, 23-36 % of the sampling time at ZOTTO was found to be representative of a clean atmosphere. The summer pristine data indicate that primary biogenic and secondary organic aerosol formation are quite strong particle sources in the Siberian taiga. The summer seasons 2007-2008 were dominated by an Aitken mode around 80 nm size, whereas the summer 2009 with prevailing easterly winds produced particles in the accumulation mode around 200 nm size. We found these differences to be mainly related to air temperature, through its effect on the production rates of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC) precursor gases. In winter, the particle size distribution peaked at 160 nm, and the footprint of clean background air was characteristic for aged particles from anthropogenic sources at great distances from ZOTTO and diluted biofuel burning emissions from domestic heating. The wintertime polluted air originates mainly from large cities south and southwest of the site; these particles have a dominant mode around 100 nm, and the BC e / CO ratio of 7-11 ng m −3 ppb −1 suggests dominant contributions from coal and biofuel burning for heating. During summer, anthropogenic emissions are the dominant contributor to the pollution particles at ZOTTO, while only 12 % of the polluted events are classified as biomass-burning-dominated, but then often associated with extremely high CO concentrations and aerosol absorption coefficients. Two biomass-burning case studies revealed different BC e / CO ratios from different fire types, with the agricultural fires in April 2008 yielding a very high ratio of 21 ng m −3 ppb −1 . Overall, we find that anthropogenic sources dominate the aerosol population at ZOTTO most of the time, even during nominally clean episodes in winter, and that near-pristine conditions are encountered only in the growing season and then only episodically.

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Assessment of the regional atmospheric impact of wildfire emissions based on CO observations at the ZOTTO tall tower station in central Siberia

Cited by 36 publications

References 70 publications

Carbon monoxide and related trace gases and aerosols over the Amazon Basin during the wet and dry seasons

Carbon monoxide and related trace gases and aerosols over the Amazon Basin during the wet and dry seasons

Long-term measurements (2010–2014) of carbonaceous aerosol and carbon monoxide at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) in central Siberia

Long-term measurements of aerosol and carbon monoxide at the ZOTTO tall tower to characterize polluted and pristine air in the Siberian taiga

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