Assessment of the Reduction in Vehicles Emissions by Implementing Inspection and Maintenance Programs

Huertas, José Ignacio; Mogro, Antonio E.; Mendoza, Alberto; Huertas, María E.; Ibarra, R.

doi:10.3390/ijerph17134730

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The NO x /CO 2 ratios of the original vehicles (except the Euro 6b) were 0.1-1.8 × 10 −4 , while of the tampered 9-107 × 10 −4 . Such ratios are in line with the ratios determined with remote sensing to detect high emitters [47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Tampering and Increase Of Emissionssupporting

confidence: 87%

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Effect of Tampering on On-Road and Off-Road Diesel Vehicle Emissions

et al. 2022

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Illegal manipulation (i.e., tampering) of vehicles is a severe problem because vehicle emissions increase orders of magnitude and significantly impact the environment and human health. This study measured the emissions before and after representative approaches of tampering of two Euro 6 Diesel light-duty passenger cars, two Euro VI Diesel heavy-duty trucks, and a Stage IV Diesel non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) agricultural tractor. With tampering of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx, the NOx emissions increased by more than one order of magnitude exceeding 1000 mg/km (or mg/kWh) for all vehicles, reaching older Euro or even pre-Euro levels. The tampering of the NOx sensor resulted in relatively low NOx increases, but significant ammonia (NH3) slip. The particle number emissions increased three to four orders of magnitude, reaching 6–10 × 1012 #/km for the passenger car (one order of magnitude higher than the current regulation limit). The tampered passenger car’s NOx and particle number emissions were one order of magnitude higher even compared to the emissions during a regeneration event. This study confirmed that (i) tampering with the help of an expert technician is still possible, even for vehicles complying with the current Euro standards, although this is not allowed by the regulation; (ii) tampering results in extreme increases in emissions.

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Section: Tampering and Increase Of Emissionssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…PTI controls report <1% tampered vehicles [54], while roadside inspections up to 25%, but typically 5-10% [8,12]. Thus, roadside inspections are important as other monitoring programs (e.g., remote sensing) [48,50]. Finally, there is a need for stricter OBD requirements to detect tampering attempts [55][56][57][58][59].…”

Section: Tampering Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tampering on On-Road and Off-Road Diesel Vehicle Emissions

et al. 2022

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“…It allows the connection between the vehicle fleet composition and their corresponding emissions [47]. Furthermore, it can be used as part of the city s Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) programs [48][49][50][51]. Considering the aforementioned circumstances, we recommend an RSD monitoring campaign as part of the urban mobility assessment.…”

Section: Environmental Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benchmarks to evaluate environmental impact were taken from the results obtained from RSD campaigns carried out in Monterrey (MTY) and Los Angeles (LA) during 2018 and 2019. Details on these RSD monitoring campaigns can be found in Huertas et al [50]. Monterrey was considered due to its similarities in fuel quality, fleet composition, and climate conditions.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology to Assess Sustainable Mobility in LATAM Cities

et al. 2021

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As the first step toward implementing strategies to improve mobility in urban centers, governmental authorities must assess their present situation in order to identify the most effective actions that should be included in their short and long-term plans. However, there is not a well-established methodology to carry out such an assessment. The already existing ones are subjective, incomplete, costly, and hard to implement, especially for the case of Latin American (LATAM) countries. This paper proposes a comprehensive methodology to carry out this assessment. It uses recent advances in information technologies and includes the use of web map services, telematics data, and low-cost vehicle emission tests. As an example of application, a mobility assessment was carried out for Saltillo, a medium-sized city in northeastern Mexico, which is considered a typical city in LATAM countries. Results indicate that this methodology can be replicated at a low incremental cost and that it leads towards the identification of the most sustainable (economic, environmental, and social) actions that should be implemented in these cities considering their local circumstances.

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“…With respect to the environment, in addition to the proper operation of the engine and after-treatment devices, the emission levels are checked with simplified tests. PTI emissions tests can identify high polluting vehicles and potentially improve air quality [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Measurement Procedures for Solid Particle Number (SPN) Measurements during the Periodic Technical Inspection (PTI) of Vehicles

Melas

Selleri

Suarez-Bertoa

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Periodic technical inspection (PTI) of vehicles guarantees safety and environmental compliance during their lifetime. Particulate matter emissions of diesel vehicles are controlled with opacity measurements. After the introduction of diesel particulate filters (DPFs), particulate matter emissions have drastically decreased and the sensitivity of the opacity method is questioned. Several countries have already or are planning to introduce a solid particle number (SPN) method at their PTI that will either substitute or complement opacity measurements. However, there are differences in the measurement procedures and the limit values. In this study, we compared the different approaches and investigated topics which are still not well defined, such as the uncertainty of the SPN-PTI instruments, repeatability of the procedures, impact of the DPF fill state, and the correlation between type-approval SPN emissions and SPN concentrations during PTI tests. Finally, we compared the SPN-PTI instruments with the opacity meters. Our results showed that SPN-PTI measurements can detect tampered and defective DPFs. We also made suggestions on the measurement procedures and the concentration limit.

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Assessment of the Reduction in Vehicles Emissions by Implementing Inspection and Maintenance Programs

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of Tampering on On-Road and Off-Road Diesel Vehicle Emissions

Effect of Tampering on On-Road and Off-Road Diesel Vehicle Emissions

Methodology to Assess Sustainable Mobility in LATAM Cities

Evaluation of Measurement Procedures for Solid Particle Number (SPN) Measurements during the Periodic Technical Inspection (PTI) of Vehicles

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