Assessment of the radiological impacts of utilizing coal combustion fly ash as main constituent in the production of cement

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to assess potential radiological impacts of utilizing pulverized fly ash (PFA) as a constituent in ordinary Portland cement. For this purpose, the activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th, and (40)K in samples of PFA and Portland cement containing 15%, 20%, and 25% by mass PFA were measured using gamma-ray spectrometry with HPGe detector. The mean activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th, and (40)K were found as 366.6, 113.7, and 460.2 Bq kg( - 1), 94.2, 25.9, and 215.3 Bq kg( - 1), 113.7, 34.3, and 238.3 Bq kg( - 1), and 124.2, 41.8, and 279.3 Bq kg( - 1) for the examined samples of PFA, Portland cement with 15%, 20%, and 25% by mass PFA, respectively. Radiological parameters such as radium equivalent activity, external exposure index (activity concentration index), internal dose index (alpha index), indoor absorbed gamma dose rate, and the corresponding the annually effective dose were assessed for Portland cement samples containing three percentages (15%, 20%, and 25%) by mass PFA. The results of assessment show that all Portland cement samples are within the safe limits recommended for building materials for dwellings.

Yapılarda kullanılan malzemelerden yayılan doğal radyasyonun araştırılmasına yönelik çalışmalar

“… "Assessment of the radiological impacts of utilizing coal combustion fly ash as main constituent in the production of cement" : Bu makalede; Bursa Orhaneli termik santralinde linyit yanması sonucu açığa çıkan tozlaştırılmış külün ve bu külün %15, %20 ve %25 oranlarında katkı olarak kullanılanılmasıyla üretilen portland çimentosunun aktivite ve radyolojik parametre ölçümleri HPGe dedektörü ile yapılmıştır. Bütün katkı oranları için elde edilen aktivite ve radyolojik parametre değerlerinin tavsiye edilen limit değerden küçük olduğunu belirtilmişdir [46]. 40 K için sırası ile 39.3 ± 22.7, 49.6 ± 27.9, 569.5 ± 181.0 Bq.kg -1 kaolin örnekleri için bulunan ortalama aktivite değerleri ise 82.0 ± 37, 94.8 ± 49.2, 463.6 ± 544.9 Bq.kg -1 olarak bildirilmiştir.…”

Assessment of the Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Coal and Its Combustion Residues

“… 5 Most of these pulverized coal ashes are disposed of on the land or in the ash ponds. 6 Only a very small fraction of these coal ashes is used, and the utilization rate of fly ash (1%) is significantly below the global utilization rate (25%). 6 , 7 During pulverized coal combustion, heavy metals or potentially toxic elements (As, Cr, Zr, Ni, Cd, Hg, Pb, etc.)…”

“…Depending on the efficiency of the electrostatic precipitators, most of the fly ash (approximately 99.5%) is collected, while the remainder is released into the atmosphere . Most of these pulverized coal ashes are disposed of on the land or in the ash ponds . Only a very small fraction of these coal ashes is used, and the utilization rate of fly ash (1%) is significantly below the global utilization rate (25%). , During pulverized coal combustion, heavy metals or potentially toxic elements (As, Cr, Zr, Ni, Cd, Hg, Pb, etc.)…”

“…Most of these pulverized coal ashes are disposed of on the land or in the ash ponds . Only a very small fraction of these coal ashes is used, and the utilization rate of fly ash (1%) is significantly below the global utilization rate (25%). , During pulverized coal combustion, heavy metals or potentially toxic elements (As, Cr, Zr, Ni, Cd, Hg, Pb, etc.) are redistributed into electrostatic precipitator fly ash, bottom ash, and slag.…”