Assessment of the prevalence of heart murmurs in overtly healthy cats

Côté, Étienne; Manning, Ann Marie; Emerson, Dawn M.; Laste, Nancy J.; Malakoff, Rebecca L.; Harpster, Neil K.

doi:10.2460/javma.2004.225.384

Cited by 65 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…1–7 The progression of HCM is variable with many cats having a long asymptomatic period that may end with the abrupt development of congestive heart failure, arterial thromboembolism, or sudden cardiac death. Potential negative prognostic indicators for decompensation of HCM include increased left atrial size 8,9 and elevated heart rate (HR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacodynamic effects of ivabradine, a negative chronotropic agent, in healthy cats

Cober

Schober

Buffington

et al. 2011

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

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Objective To determine the pharmacodynamic effects of oral ivabradine in cats. Animals Eight healthy, adult domestic short hair cats. Methods Each cat underwent four study periods of 24 h, receiving either one dose of placebo or ivabradine (0.1 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, and 0.5 mg/kg) in a single-blind randomized crossover study. Clinical tolerance was assessed hourly for the first 8 h, at 12 h, and at the end of the 24-h study period. Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored continuously for 18–24 h via radiotelemetry after each treatment. Response to stress (acoustic startle) was studied before (t = 0) and after treatment (t = 4 h). Statistical comparisons were made using a linear mixed models and 1-way and 2-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results Heart rate (min−1) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner with peak negative chronotropic effects observed 3 h after ivabradine (mean ±SD; placebo, 144 ± 20; ivabradine 0.1 mg/kg, 133 ±22; ivabradine 0.3 mg/kg, 112 ±20; and ivabradine 0.5 mg/kg, 104 ±11). Heart rate (min−1) was still reduced (P < 0.05) 12 h after ivabradine (0.3 mg/kg; 128 ±18 and 0.5 mg/kg; 124 ±16) compared to placebo (141 ±21). The tachycardic response to acoustic startle was significantly (P < 0.01) blunted at all 3 doses of ivabradine. Myocardial oxygen consumption estimated by the rate-pressure product was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) for all doses of ivabradine. No effect of ivabradine on systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure was identified and no clinically discernable side effects were observed. Conclusion These findings indicate that a single oral dose of ivabradine predictably lowers heart rate, blunts the chronotropic response to stress, and is clinically well tolerated in healthy cats. This makes ivabradine potentially interesting in the treatment of feline heart disease where ischemia is of pathophysiologic importance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacodynamic effects of ivabradine, a negative chronotropic agent, in healthy cats

Cober

Schober

Buffington

et al. 2011

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

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“…Two multibreed studies done on dogs with DCM demonstrated survival after 1 year of being diagnosed with DCM at only 17.5% and 37.5%, respectively, with the median survival times of only 27 and 65 days, respectively. 11 This is in comparison to studies conducted in the 1970s and 1980s where only 1.6% of all cats referred to a veterinary hospital were reported to have HCM. However, in the late 1980s Pion et al 9 reported an association with DCM and taurine deficiency in cats.…”

Section: Type and Incidencementioning

confidence: 78%

Nutrition and the Heart

Case

Daristotle

Hayek

et al. 2011

Canine and Feline Nutrition

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“…Thus, although HCM had become the most common feline cardiac disease by the late 1980s and the 1990s, it was still not considered to affect a large percentage of the feline population. However, a recent publication reported that 21% of overtly healthy cats had a cardiac murmur [3]. Eighty-six percent of these cats that subsequently underwent echocardiography had structural cardiac disease, primarily HCM [3].…”

Section: Hcmmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, a recent publication reported that 21% of overtly healthy cats had a cardiac murmur [3]. Eighty-six percent of these cats that subsequently underwent echocardiography had structural cardiac disease, primarily HCM [3].…”

Section: Hcmmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Dogs, in particular, can serve as important models for cardiac diseases because of the selective inbreeding which has resulted in certain breeds with high risk for disease (eg, > 90% of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels develop mitral valve regurgitation and > 50% of Doberman Pinschers develop dilated cardiomyopathy [DCM]) [1,2]. Cats, too, commonly develop cardiovascular disease, with nearly 20% of cats in some populations developing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) [3]. Both the dog and cat genome have been sequenced (although, to date, the cat genome has only been sequenced at low-density genome coverage).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrition and cardiomyopathy: Lessons from spontaneous animal models

Freeman

2007

Curr Heart Fail Rep

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Spontaneously occurring dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats are common diseases and are vastly underutilized as models of human cardiac disease. The goals of nutrition are no longer limited to a low-sodium diet, as research is now showing that nutrients can modulate disease and be an important adjunct to medical therapy. Deficiencies of certain nutrients can contribute to cardiomyopathies, as with taurine, but some nutrients-such as n-3 fatty acids, carnitine, and antioxidants-may have specific pharmacologic benefits. Dogs and cats with spontaneous cardiomyopathies are an exciting and promising model for studying nutritional modulation of cardiac disease.

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Assessment of the prevalence of heart murmurs in overtly healthy cats

Abstract: Results indicated that heart murmurs are detectable in a large proportion of overtly healthy cats and that many murmurs appear to be caused by structural heart disease that is in a clinically latent state.

Cited by 65 publications

References 15 publications

Pharmacodynamic effects of ivabradine, a negative chronotropic agent, in healthy cats

Pharmacodynamic effects of ivabradine, a negative chronotropic agent, in healthy cats

Nutrition and the Heart

Nutrition and cardiomyopathy: Lessons from spontaneous animal models

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