Abstract:Background
Application of nanotechnology for crop protection in the form of nanopesticide has attracted significant interest in modern agriculture for the management of devastating polyphagous pests. In the present work, highly stable, ready-to-use water-based nanoformulations of hydrazine-based pesticides were evaluated for their Insect Growth Regulatory potential against the polyphagous insect pest—Spodoptera litura. Also, the nanoformulations were screened for their antifungal behaviour against plant pathog… Show more
“…Besides this, the global pesticides market was accounted to reach $70.57 billion by 2021 at a CAGR of 5.15% estimated between 2016 and 2021. Besides this, the global market of encapsulated pesticides grows exponentially at reach benchmark of US $800 million by 2025 expectedly and gains 11.8% CAGR in the tenure of 2019–2025 [ 18 , 19 , 48 , 49 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Nanoformulations As a Promising Tool In An Agricultural Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The nanoparticle-based products (NMs) including smart agrochemical delivery systems having nanocomposites as chief ingredients are being constantly developed. Much intensive research is still required to achieve the practical advantages of nanoagrochemicals with improved working design, regulation of commercialization, and risk assessment of nanofertilizer, nanopesticide, and nanoherbicide [ 18 , 19 ]. New crop cultivars, that can sustain heat, drought, salinity, and other unresolved challenges in farming systems disturb the whole spectrum of major cultivation practices worldwide.…”
Conventional agriculture solely depends upon highly chemical compounds that have negatively ill-affected the health of every living being and the entire ecosystem. Thus, the smart delivery of desired components in a sustainable manner to crop plants is the primary need to maintain soil health in the upcoming years. The premature loss of growth-promoting ingredients and their extended degradation in the soil increases the demand for reliable novel techniques. In this regard, nanotechnology has offered to revolutionize the agrotechnological area that has the imminent potential over conventional agriculture and helps to reform resilient cropping systems withholding prominent food security for the ever-growing world population. Further, in-depth investigation on plant-nanoparticles interactions creates new avenues toward crop improvement via enhanced crop yield, disease resistance, and efficient nutrient utilization. The incorporation of nanomaterial with smart agrochemical activities and establishing a new framework relevant to enhance efficacy ultimately help to address the social acceptance, potential hazards, and management issues in the future. Here, we highlight the role of nanomaterial or nanocomposite as a sustainable as well stable alternative in crop protection and production. Additionally, the information on the controlled released system, role in interaction with soil and microbiome, the promising role of nanocomposite as nanopesticide, nanoherbicide, nanofertilizer, and their limitations in agrochemical activities are discussed in the present review.
“…Besides this, the global pesticides market was accounted to reach $70.57 billion by 2021 at a CAGR of 5.15% estimated between 2016 and 2021. Besides this, the global market of encapsulated pesticides grows exponentially at reach benchmark of US $800 million by 2025 expectedly and gains 11.8% CAGR in the tenure of 2019–2025 [ 18 , 19 , 48 , 49 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Nanoformulations As a Promising Tool In An Agricultural Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The nanoparticle-based products (NMs) including smart agrochemical delivery systems having nanocomposites as chief ingredients are being constantly developed. Much intensive research is still required to achieve the practical advantages of nanoagrochemicals with improved working design, regulation of commercialization, and risk assessment of nanofertilizer, nanopesticide, and nanoherbicide [ 18 , 19 ]. New crop cultivars, that can sustain heat, drought, salinity, and other unresolved challenges in farming systems disturb the whole spectrum of major cultivation practices worldwide.…”
Conventional agriculture solely depends upon highly chemical compounds that have negatively ill-affected the health of every living being and the entire ecosystem. Thus, the smart delivery of desired components in a sustainable manner to crop plants is the primary need to maintain soil health in the upcoming years. The premature loss of growth-promoting ingredients and their extended degradation in the soil increases the demand for reliable novel techniques. In this regard, nanotechnology has offered to revolutionize the agrotechnological area that has the imminent potential over conventional agriculture and helps to reform resilient cropping systems withholding prominent food security for the ever-growing world population. Further, in-depth investigation on plant-nanoparticles interactions creates new avenues toward crop improvement via enhanced crop yield, disease resistance, and efficient nutrient utilization. The incorporation of nanomaterial with smart agrochemical activities and establishing a new framework relevant to enhance efficacy ultimately help to address the social acceptance, potential hazards, and management issues in the future. Here, we highlight the role of nanomaterial or nanocomposite as a sustainable as well stable alternative in crop protection and production. Additionally, the information on the controlled released system, role in interaction with soil and microbiome, the promising role of nanocomposite as nanopesticide, nanoherbicide, nanofertilizer, and their limitations in agrochemical activities are discussed in the present review.
“…The role of nanotechnology for crop protection nano-based insecticides has attracted agriculture scientists for significant control and management of devastating polyphagous insects in agriculture [ 17 ]. In current years, use of nanotechnological systems has been developed for agricultural applications, operating intensive research and development practices at both industrial and academic levels [ 18 , 19 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Innovations in nanotechnology can help to alleviate the complications related to the application technologies of classical insecticide formulations [ 18 ]. Moreover, insecticide-loaded nanoparticles decrease the dose of insecticides, reduce nutrient losses, identify plant-damaging insects and pathogens, detect insecticide residue, and increase plant yields without harming the environment and non-target beneficial organisms [ 17 ]. Due to their small size and large surface-area-to-volume ratio, nano-insecticides display exceptional characteristics compared to their bulk counterparts [ 20 , 21 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Currently, out of five registered diacyl hydrazine insecticides, namely, Fufenozide (JS-118), Tebufenozide (RH-5992), Chromafenozide (ANS-118, CM-001), methoxyfenozide (RH-2485), and halofenozide (RH-0345). Methoxyfenozide is the most widely registered diacyl hydrazine class of insecticide, with registrations in more than fifty countries for control of insects on several crops [ 17 ].…”
The diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella, causes severe damage at all crop stages, beside its rising resistance to all insecticides. The objective of this study was to look for a new control strategy such as application of insecticide-loaded carbon dot-embedded fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FL-SiO2 NPs). Two different-sized methoxyfenozide-loaded nanoparticles (Me@FL-SiO2 NPs-70 nm, Me@FL-SiO2 NPs-150 nm) were prepared, with loading content 15% and 16%. Methoxyfenozide was released constantly from Me@FL-SiO2 NPs only at specific optimum pH 7.5. The release of methoxyfenozide from Me@FL-SiO2 NPs was not observed other than this optimum pH, and therefore, we checked and controlled a single release condition to look out for the different particle sizes of insecticide-loaded NPs. This pH-responsive release pattern can find potential application in sustainable plant protection. Moreover, the lethal concentration of the LC50 value was 24 mg/L for methoxyfenozide (TC), 14 mg/L for Me@FL-SiO2 NPs-70 nm, and 15 mg/L for Me@FL-SiO2 NPs-150 nm after 72 h exposure, respectively. After calculating the LC50, the results predicted that Me@FL-SiO2 NPs-70 nm and Me@FL-SiO2 NPs-150 nm exhibited better insecticidal activity against P. xylostella than methoxyfenozide under the same concentrations of active ingredient applied. Moreover, the activities of detoxification enzymes of P. xylostella were suppressed by treatment with insecticide-loaded NPs, which showed that NPs could also be involved in reduction of enzymes. Furthermore, the entering of FL-SiO2 NPs into the midgut of P. xylostella was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). For comparison, P. xylostella under treatment with water as control was also observed under CLSM. The control exhibited no fluorescent signal, while the larvae treated with FL-SiO2 NPs showed strong fluorescence under a laser excitation wavelength of 448 nm. The reduced enzyme activities as well as higher cuticular penetration in insects indicate that the nano-based delivery system of insecticide could be potentially applied in insecticide resistance management.
The composition of horticultural substrates for soilless greenhouse cultivation directly affects the sustainability of the cropping system but has also an indirect effect through the end-of-life of the spent media. Biochar amendment in growing media as bulk material and source of nutrients may improve the sustainability of controlled-environment agriculture. Horticultural substrates at the end of soilless strawberry and tomato cultivation were compared in 6 trials at commercial scale. Conventional mineral wool and peat-based blends were compared with peat-reduced and peat-free organic blends with or without 10 vol% biochar. Nutrients, C stability of the growing media and their value as soil improver were measured. The organic growing media had a high potential for reuse and for C storage. Spent mineral wool was signi cantly richer in total P, K, Mg and Ca and signi cantly lower in organic C content and C stability than the other blends, with a clearly lower value as soil improver than the organic blends. Biochar amendment in renewable organic blends increases its value as soil improver and the potential for reuse: adding 10 vol% biochar in the blend signi cantly increased the C content by 8% and the C:N ratio of the spent growing media but not the C stability. The pH of the biochar in the growing media decreased from 9.1 to 6.2 due the cultivation while the CEC increased. This research illustrates the feasibility of using biomass and biochar in cascade, i.e., rst as growing medium, and nally as a C-rich soil improver.
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