Assessment of the Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Transplant Patients: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can significantly influence a patient’s nutritional status, leading to malnutrition. Malnutrition is associated with an increase in morbidity and hospital admissions, as well as a decrease in functional status. All these factors impact emotional, physical, and psychosocial health, leading to a lower quality of life (QOL). The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status and QOL in patients with CKD compared to patients after kidney transplantation and determine what factors influence nutritional status and QOL in this patient population. Methods: The study included 167 patients: 39 pre-dialysis patients—group 1; 65 dialysis patients—group 2; 63 kidney transplant patients—group 3. Patients completed the Kidney Disease Quality of Life questionnaire (KDQoL) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA). Results: A comparative analysis of the QOL of patients in the three study groups showed no statistically significant differences in the overall KDQoL scores. Factors that affected quality of life included the designated group, determined by disease status, MNA score, patient age, and WHR. Nearly 1/3 of patients from groups 2 and 3 were at risk of malnutrition. Conclusions: A systematic assessment of nutritional status and monitoring of QOL should be integrated into the standard management guidelines for CKD patients.

Decreased abdominal wall muscle mass defined by muscle ultrasound is associated with malnutrition according to Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria in renal transplant recipients: A cross‐sectional study

“…3,11 Another study stated the prevalence of malnutrition to be 27% in RTRs according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment. 22 We found the prevalence of malnutrition to be 25.3% according to the GLIM criteria, which is similar to previous studies. A study conducted in 2021 on patients undergoing renal transplantation found that the most crucial phenotypic criterion in the GLIM criteria was reduced muscle mass, 21 whereas we found in our study the most common criterion to be weight loss.…”

“…Two other studies that assessed malnutrition in RTRs via the Subjective Global Assessment and Malnutrition‐Inflammation Score found that 28% and 52% were malnourished, respectively 3,11 . Another study stated the prevalence of malnutrition to be 27% in RTRs according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment 22 . We found the prevalence of malnutrition to be 25.3% according to the GLIM criteria, which is similar to previous studies.…”

The association between physical activity and cognitive function in women with high parity: the chain-mediating effects of nutritional status and depression

“…The full form of the MNA contains 18 items and assesses four different aspects: anthropometric assessment (BMI, weight loss, and arm and calf circumferences), general assessment (lifestyle, medications taken, mobility, and presence of signs of depression or dementia), short dietary assessment (number of meals, protein and uid intake, and autonomy of feeding), and subjective assessment (selfperception of health and nutrition, self-assessment of health compared to peers). By adding up the scores, labelled as MNA-LF, individuals are divided into three groups using threshold values of < 17 for "malnourished," 17-23.5 for "at risk of malnutrition" and ≥ 24 for "normal nutritional status," with a maximum total score of 30 points [24,25].…”

Role of composite objective nutritional indexes in patients with chronic kidney disease

“…Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), are highly susceptible to malnutrition ( 1 ), resulting in a decreased quality of life ( 2 ). Patients with CKD face increased risks of worsening their prognosis owing to nutrition-related issues, including cachexia and protein-energy wasting (PEW).…”