Assessment of the metal pollution, potential toxicity and speciation of sediment from Algeciras Bay (South of Spain) using chemometric tools

Díaz-de-Alba, Margarita; Riaño, M. D. Galindo; Casanueva-Marenco, M.J.; Garcı́a-Vargas, Manuel; Kosore, Charles Mitto

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.03.020

Cited by 144 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The good correlation between Fe and the fine-grained sediment fraction (r = 0.43; P b 0.01), the strong and significant associations (P b 0.01) between Fe and all the potentially toxic elements evaluated (see Table 1) and the abundance of this metal in the Alqueva sediments justified its choice as a normalizer element. This element was already used with this purpose in several studies developed in surface sediments (Díaz-de-Alba et al, 2011;Herut et al, 1993;Salem et al, 2013). Another factor to consider for the establishment of pollution indexes is the geochemical background.…”

Section: Pollution Status Of the Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The environmental risk of sediments and its quality could be assessed through the following: (i) pollution indexes, such as the enrichment factor (EF) and the geoaccumulation index (I geo ), that characterized the trace element anthropogenic contributions and the contamination levels, comparing the metal enrichment and the unpolluted reference concentrations (background levels) (Christophoridis et al, 2009;Delgado et al, 2010;Mil-Homens et al, 2007); (ii) sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), which relate the pollution status of sediments, considering the total trace element content, with their adverse effects in aquatic organisms, for instance using the threshold effect level (TEL) and the probable effect level (PEL) (Caeiro et al, 2005;Díaz-de-Alba et al, 2011;Saleem et al, 2013); (iii) and methodologies that evaluate the ecotoxicological risk, taking into consideration the mobility/availability of the pollutant, such as, the risk assessment code (RAC; classification that correlates the percentage of the metal more available, with the risk to the aquatic species) Passos et al, 2010;Yuan et al, 2014). Hence, despite the use of total trace element content as a criterion to assess their possible risk to the aquatic ecosystem, it provides insufficient information about the mobility, bioavailability and consequently toxicity, of these hazardous substances to the aquatic and human populations (Gu et al, 2014;Hooda, 2010;Sundaray et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BCR sequential method presents advantages compared with other methods, as high reproducibility and high recovery percentages (Cuong and Obbard, 2006;Pueyo et al, 2008). Further, this procedure has already been applied to assess metal mobility in several types of solid samples, such as sediments (Davutluoglu et al, 2011;Díaz-de-Alba et al, 2011;Delgado et al, 2011Passos et al, 2010, soils (Martley et al, 2004;Pérez-López et al, 2008;Rao et al, 2008), and sewage sludge (Alvarenga et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of trace element pollution and its environmental risk to freshwater sediments influenced by anthropogenic contributions: The case study of Alqueva reservoir (Guadiana Basin)

Palma

Ledo

Alvarenga

2015

CATENA

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The Guadiana Basin (SW Iberian Peninsula) is affected by acid mine drainage (AMD), a consequence of ancient mining activities in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). Consequently, the sediments at the Alqueva reservoir (SE Portugal) in the Guadiana Basin are potentially contaminated by trace elements, which make important: (i) to characterize the status of trace element pollution of the sediments; (ii) to evaluate the mobility and the bioavailability of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn; and (iii) to assess the environmental risk associated with the total and bioavailable concentrations of trace elements, using the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and the risk assessment code (RAC). Metal enrichment factors (EF) and geoaccumulation indexes (I geo ), determined taking into account the regional background levels, revealed that, among the metals analyzed, Cd contributed the highest to pollution levels followed by Pb and As. Despite the trace element contamination of the Alqueva sediments, the sequential extraction showed that most of them are found in the oxidizable and residual fractions, which indicates that they are sparingly bioavailable, with exception of Cd (acid-labile fraction) and Pb (reducible fraction). Based on the RAC, Cd was the only metal that presented a high risk, while Pb, As and Zn showed a medium risk. Moreover, the SQGs revealed the existence of certain areas of extremely high risk, particularly related to high concentrations of total As and, in less extent, of Pb and Cd, associated with AMD, wastewater discharges and runoff of plant protection products from agricultural fields located near the reservoir.

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Section: Pollution Status Of the Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessment of trace element pollution and its environmental risk to freshwater sediments influenced by anthropogenic contributions: The case study of Alqueva reservoir (Guadiana Basin)

Palma

Ledo

Alvarenga

2015

CATENA

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“…In this study, two sets of SQGs were applied to assess the ecotoxicology of heavy metals in the sediments: the effect range low (ERL)/the effect range median (ERM) and the low alert level (LAL)/the high alert level (HAL). SQGs of the selected heavy metals were shown in Table 4 ( Alba et al 2011;Long et al 1995). All the mean concentrations exceeded the LAL except Ba.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The background values utilized were in milligrams per kilogram: 80,400 for Al, 95 for Zn, 130 for V, 68 for Ni, 850 for Mn, 20 for Pb, 25 for Cu, 0.098 for Cd, 580 for Ba, 47,000 for Fe, 35 for Cr, and 13 for As, respectively (Alba et al 2011;Taylor and Mclennan 1995;Turekian and Wedepohl 1961). Han et al (2006) divided the contamination into different categories basing on EF values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and source analysis of heavy metals in the marine sediments of Hong Kong

Zhang

Man

Jiang

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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A data matrix, obtained during a 3-year monitoring period (2010-2012) from 45 sampling locations in the marine of Hong Kong, was subjected to pollution indicator and multivariate statistical technique analysis to investigate the spatial distribution and origin of the selected 12 heavy metals. Results suggested that V, Ni, and Ba were at safe levels, and there was a significant anthropogenic effect on Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Cr, which were moderate to severe enrichment at some locations. Sampling locations 1, 2, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 30, 31, and 32 were identified as pollution hot spots. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Cr were primarily controlled by anthropogenic sources and Ni, Ba, and V by natural sources. Whereas, Al, Fe, Mn, and As were controlled by both anthropogenic and natural sources. Cluster analysis classified 45 sampling sites into five groups and analysis of variance indicated there were significant differences between different groups. The pollution hot spots were classified into moderate or high polluted groups, and the influential factor of the heavy metal distribution was analyzed.

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Spatio‐Temporal Variability and Pollution Assessment of Selected Metals in Freshwater Sediments, Pakistan

Saleem

Iqbal

Shah

2016

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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This study, describes the temporal and spatial variability of selected metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn) and their origins in surface sediments collected from ten sites of Mangla Dam, Pakistan, during pre‐ and post‐monsoon seasons. The metal contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), enrichment factor (EF), and geoaccumulation index were calculated for the assessment of sediment pollution. Among the metals, Cd, Co, Pb, and Zn revealed higher CF values in the sediments from sites S7–S10 where the PLI also indicated heavy pollution. The EFs for Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, and Zn were >10, suggesting major anthropogenic contributions. In comparison with sediment quality guidelines, the measured concentrations of Cd, Ni, and Pb showed a probability of frequent adverse effects on sediment dwelling biota. Cluster analysis indicated that Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, and Zn were mostly contributed by human activities. The results of this study would drive urgent attention to develop preventive actions and remediation processes to stop the degradation to improve the quality of the reservoir.

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Assessment of the metal pollution, potential toxicity and speciation of sediment from Algeciras Bay (South of Spain) using chemometric tools

Cited by 144 publications

References 29 publications

Assessment of trace element pollution and its environmental risk to freshwater sediments influenced by anthropogenic contributions: The case study of Alqueva reservoir (Guadiana Basin)

Assessment of trace element pollution and its environmental risk to freshwater sediments influenced by anthropogenic contributions: The case study of Alqueva reservoir (Guadiana Basin)

Spatial distribution and source analysis of heavy metals in the marine sediments of Hong Kong

Spatio‐Temporal Variability and Pollution Assessment of Selected Metals in Freshwater Sediments, Pakistan

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