Assessment of the Kraków inhabitants’ health risk caused by the exposure to inhalation of outdoor air contaminants

Gruszecka‐Kosowska, Agnieszka

doi:10.1007/s00477-016-1366-8

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(61 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Additionally, since health risk assessment depends on toxicological data mostly, there is no one and only method for risk calculation. Thus, depending on the input data available and the approach applied, results may differ [ 36 , 38 ] and generate inaccuracies when comparing such results. Nevertheless, the main goal of our investigations was to determine the long-term health impact on the Kraków residents, because a sufficient improvement of air quality will take years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the residents and visitors are affected by adverse health effects due to poor air quality inhaled. According to the authors’ best knowledge, the first attempts at calculating human health risk among the Kraków inhabitants were described in research conducted by Samek [ 16 ], Gruszecka and Wdowin [ 36 ], Pachurka et al [ 37 ], and Gruszecka-Kosowska [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Condition of Air Pollution in Kraków, Poland, in 2005–2020, with Health Risk Assessment

Traczyk

Gruszecka‐Kosowska

2020

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims: Air quality changes with human health risk assessment were investigated. Methods: The measurement results obtained by the Regional Environmental Protection Inspectorate (REPI) in Kraków and our deposited particulate-matter (PM) analysis, as well as United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) methodology of risk assessment were used in the study. Results: Annual pollutant contents kept decreasing, with the exception of O3. However, the permissible annual levels were exceeded in the cases of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2. Increased contents of SO2, CO, C6H6, PM10, and PM2.5, as well as of As, Pb, Cd, Ni, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM particles during winter months indicated that house heating was the source of pollution. Due to no significant change in the monthly NO2 contents, this measurement was used as an indicator of traffic sources of pollution. In winter months, the allowable 24 h PM2.5 and PM10 contents were constantly exceeded. PM was identified as the most significant air pollutant. Enrichment factors revealed that deposited PM was enriched with heavy metals. The potential ecological risk (ERI) was determined to be very high for Cd, considerable for Zn, and low for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Tl. The total non-carcinogenic risk indices (HQ) for both adults (HQ = 15.0) and children (HQ = 26.4) exceeded the acceptable value of 1. The total carcinogenic risk indices (CR) for both adults (CR = 1.51 × 10−4) and children (CR = 1.77 × 10−4) exceeded the acceptable level of 1 × 10−4. Conclusions: In the years 2005–2020, a general decreasing tendency of annual pollutant contents was observed. However, the permissible contaminant contents were still exceeded. PM2.5, BaP, PM10, and NO2 were determined as the most dangerous pollutants in inhalational pathway.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Condition of Air Pollution in Kraków, Poland, in 2005–2020, with Health Risk Assessment

Traczyk

Gruszecka‐Kosowska

2020

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Agricultural and industry tracers such are ammonia, and sulphate, are present all over the year [9]. Due to high population density, high energy demand and large number of vehicles, cities are facing more intense air pollution than rural areas [4, 10,11]. Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the atmosphere, that varies in concentration, size, shape, chemical composition, surface area, acidity, solubility, reactivity and origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Trend of PM10 and Associated Human Health Risk over the Past Decade in Cluj-Napoca City, Romania

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human health risk associated with PM10 exposure was assessed for the residents of Cluj-Napoca city, Romania, for a best case-scenario based on the monthly average PM10 and for a worst-case scenario based on the monthly 90th percentile of PM10 concentration. As no toxicity value for PM10 was available, for the calculation of the hazard quotient, the toxicity value was considered to be equal to the annual limit value (40 µm/m3) set in the European Union (EU), and to air quality guidelines (20 µm/m3) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The daily PM10 concentrations for the period 2009–2019, at the four monitoring stations existing in Cluj-Napoca, were obtained from the National Air Quality Monitoring Network. The annual PM10 values ranged between 20.3 and 29.5 µg/m3, and were below the annual limit value (40 µg/m3) set by European and national legislation, but above the annual air quality guideline (20 µg/m3) set by WHO. Generally, the monthly PM10 concentrations were higher from October to March than in the rest of the year. The monthly air quality index (AQI) showed the good to moderate quality of the air during the whole decade; however, there were days when the air quality was unhealthy for sensitive population groups. The air quality was more or less constant during the warm months, and improved significantly for the cold months from 2009 to 2019. In the best-case scenario, calculated using the EU annual limit value for PM10, the potential non-carcinogenic chronic health risk was present only in 2009 and 2010, but in the worst-case scenario, in each year there were periods, especially in the cold months, in which health risk was present. When considering the WHO air quality guidelines in the calculation of the health risk, the potential non-carcinogenic chronic health risk was present between October and March in each year in the best-case scenario, and in most of the months in the worst-case scenario.

show abstract

“…From many years Krakow is the example of the city of constant poor or even very poor air quality [1]. Analyzing the results of the ambient air quality monitoring network in Krakow, operated by the Regional Environmental Protection Inspectorate in Krakow (WIOŚ), it was observed that the particulate matter (PM) is the key air pollutant [2][3][4]. Moreover, PM particles bound other contaminants, especially heavy metals, that alongside with PM cause negative health effects after entering the body through inhalation, digestion or dermal contact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposited Particulate Matter Enrichment in Heavy Metals and Related Health Risk: A Case Study of Krakow, Poland

Gruszecka‐Kosowska

2019

The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Environmental Health Sciences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the investigations was to determine an impact of heavy metals bound with deposited PM on contamination degree and related toxicological effects by calculating enrichment indices, namely: geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), as well as ecological risk index (ERI) and modified hazard quotient (mHQ). Calculations were based on the selected element concentrations determined in deposited PM samples in Krakow. The results of the investigations revealed that deposited PM was enriched in heavy metals. As Igeo index provides information of the level of metal accumulation it was stated that deposited PM was practically uncontaminated with Be, Cd, and Tl (class 0) but heavily to extremely contaminated (class 5) with Co and Sn and extremely contaminated (class 6) with As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V and Zn. On the other hand, calculated values of CF revealed very high contamination of deposited PM with Cd and Zn, considerable contamination with Sn, Pb, and As, and moderate contamination with Cu and Li. Values of calculated EF revealed that from investigated elements only Zn originated from anthropogenic sources. For Cd small influence of anthropogenic sources was observed. For Pb and Sn non-crustal sources of emission were expected. Calculated ERI values indicated very high for Cd and considerable for Zn potential ecological risk, as well as low potential ecological risk for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Tl. Moreover, calculated mHQ values indicated extreme for Zn, considerable for Cr, and moderate for As, Cu and Pb severity of contamination. The analysis revealed that the impact of atmospheric and re-suspended PM on inhabitants constitutes the complex effect of mixture of heavy metals affecting simultaneously the human health.

show abstract

Assessment of the Kraków inhabitants’ health risk caused by the exposure to inhalation of outdoor air contaminants

Cited by 41 publications

References 66 publications

The Condition of Air Pollution in Kraków, Poland, in 2005–2020, with Health Risk Assessment

The Condition of Air Pollution in Kraków, Poland, in 2005–2020, with Health Risk Assessment

Temporal Trend of PM10 and Associated Human Health Risk over the Past Decade in Cluj-Napoca City, Romania

Deposited Particulate Matter Enrichment in Heavy Metals and Related Health Risk: A Case Study of Krakow, Poland

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About