Assessment of the Influence of GDI Injection System Parameters on Soot Emission and Combustion Stability through a Numerical and Experimental Approach

Cavina, Nicolò; Businaro, Andrea; Moro, Davide; Gioia, Rita Di; Bonandrini, Giovanni; Papaleo, Domenico; Picerno, Mario

doi:10.4271/2015-24-2422

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…15,16 Modern control approaches also incorporate the ability to split the injection process into two or more pulses as a solution to minimise the spray-to-wall impingement reducing the formation of liquid film. 17,18 The study presented in this paper, however, is not concerned with split or pulsed injection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling liquid film in modern GDI engines and the impact on particulate matter emissions – Part 1

Biagiotti

Bonatesta

Tajdaran

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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This paper presents the details of a Computational Fluid Dynamics methodology to accurately model the process of mixture preparation in modern Gasoline Direct Injection engines, with particular emphasis on liquid film as one of the main causes of Particulate Matter formation. The proposed modelling protocol, centred on the Bai-Onera approach of droplets-wall interaction and on multi-component surrogate fuel blend models, is validated against relevant published data and then applied to a modern small-capacity GDI engine, featuring centrally-mounted spray-guided injection system. The work covers a range of part-load, stoichiometric and theoretically-homogeneous operating conditions, for which experimental engine data and engine-out Particle Number measurements were available. The results, based on the parametric variation of start of injection timing and injection pressure, demonstrate how both fuel mal-distribution and liquid film retained at spark timing, may contribute to PN emissions, whilst their relative importance vary depending on operating conditions and engine control strategy. Control of PN emissions and compliance with future, more stringent regulations remain large challenges for the engine industry. Renewed and disruptive approaches, which also consider the sustainability of the sector, appear to be essential. This work, developed using Siemens Simcenter CFD software as part of the Ford-led APC6 DYNAMO project, aims to contribute to the development of a reliable and cost-effective digital toolset, which supports engine development and diagnostics through a more fundamental assessment of engine operation and emissions formation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling liquid film in modern GDI engines and the impact on particulate matter emissions – Part 1

Biagiotti

Bonatesta

Tajdaran

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…This allows for reduced the fuel consumption at idle and low load conditions, along with the ability to run the engine un-throttled. In contrast, fuel-rich zones can facilitate the particle formation at high temperatures [11][12][13]. During homogeneous-charge operation, since fuel is sprayed directly into the chamber during the intake stroke there is no fuel inefficiency due to wall impingement and the fuel events can be further controlled with higher precision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Regulated Pollutant Emissions and Aftertreatment Efficiency in a GTDi Engine Using Different SOI Strategies

Bermúdez

Luján

Climent

et al. 2018

SAE Int. J. Engines

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In order to improve performance and minimize pollutant emissions in gasoline turbocharged directinjection (GTDi) engines, different injection strategies and technologies are being investigated. The inclusion of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and the variation of the start of injection (SOI) are some of these strategies that can influence the air-to-fuel (AF) mixture formation and consequently in the combustion process and pollutant emissions. This paper presents a complete study of the engine performance, pollutant emissions and aftertreatment efficiency that produces the SOI variation with a fixed EGR rate in a 4-cylinder, turbocharged, gasoline direct-injection engine with 2.0 L displacement. The equipment used in this study are TSI-EEPS for particle measurement and HORIBA MEXA 1230-PM for soot measurement being HORIBA MEXA 7100-DEGR with a heated line selector the system employed for regulated gaseous emission measurement and aftertreatment evaluation. The experimental results confirm how the use of an adequate SOI strategy is indispensable to obtain low exhaust emissions values and a balance between the different pollutants. There was found a slight reduction in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) with the SOI advance. The experiments showed a decrease in CO, a non-sensible variation of THC and an increase in NOx emissions with SOI delay. Additionally, a significant increase in particle emissions was observed with early SOIs. Finally, with the SOI delay the aftertreatment performance revealed an increase in the oxidation of CO and a decrease in the reduction of NOx.

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Breakup characteristics of high speed liquid jets from a single-hole injector

Meinhart

Petersen

et al. 2021

Fuel

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Assessment of the Influence of GDI Injection System Parameters on Soot Emission and Combustion Stability through a Numerical and Experimental Approach

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Modelling liquid film in modern GDI engines and the impact on particulate matter emissions – Part 1

Modelling liquid film in modern GDI engines and the impact on particulate matter emissions – Part 1

Analysis of Regulated Pollutant Emissions and Aftertreatment Efficiency in a GTDi Engine Using Different SOI Strategies

Breakup characteristics of high speed liquid jets from a single-hole injector

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