Assessment of the Impacts of Terrestrial Determinants on Surface Water Quality at Multiple Spatial Scales

Abstract

Investigating terrestrial determinants impacts on surface water quality is critical for watershed management. This research work reports the terrestrial determinants influence on surface water quality at multiple spatial scales at two trans-boundary rivers of Pakistan: The Ravi and Sutlej. This study is based on 18 physicochemical and trace elements (pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), NO 3 , total dissolved solid (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), hardness, total nitrogen, phosphorus, Cu, Pb, As, Cr, Mn, Zn, and Cd) from 15 water quality monitoring stations. Terrestrial determinants especially village land use, coarse grained soil (high permeability) and mean slope (high erosion) can impair surface water quality. On the other hand, fine grained soil can protect stream health due to strong retention capacity and low infiltration capability. All spatial scales best explained terrestrial determinants-water quality relationship. Conservative practices are suggested at riparian as well as subbasin scale to account for the nearest and furthest pollutants sources. Restoration of riparian ecosystems should be a high priority for water quality enhancement in particular along the Ravi and Sutlej rivers and the two plains where there are intensive human activities at village level.

Transboundary River Water Availability to Ravi Riverfront under Changing Climate: A Step towards Sustainable Development

“…Ravi River, Pakistan Microplastic pollution and its impacts on fish species [4] Ravi River, Lahore-Pakistan Arsenic contamination in shallow aquifers [5] Ravi River, Lahore-Pakistan The implication of microplastics on the riverine population [6] Ravi River, Pakistan Chromium and Lead Bioaccumulation in Cirrhina mrigala in the Water and Sediments [7] Ravi River Valley, India Climate tectonic landform evolution in NW Himalaya [8] Near Lahore, Pakistan Health risk assessment associated with irrigation water of heavy metal contamination [9] Ravi River, Lahore-Pakistan Microplastic burden [10] Jammu Kashmir, India Liquefaction hazard assessment in a seismically active region of the Himalayas [11] Chenab and Ravi River, India Variability in freshwater prawn populations of Macrobrachium dayanum [12] Himachal Pradesh, India Landslide slope stability [13] Ravi River, Lahore-Pakistan Assessment of community vulnerability to floods [14] Ravi and Sutlej River, Pakistan Terrestrial Determinants impact river water quality [15] Hudiara Drain, Ravi River, Pakistan Metal micronutrients and their depletion in Transboundary Drain [16] Lahore City, Pakistan Anthropogenic Activities in Lahore City aquifer. [17] Ravi River, Pakistan Quality and economic evaluation of groundwater [18] Himachal Pradesh Ravi River, India Heavy metal contamination and its adverse impacts on river fish [19] Beas and Ravi River, India Climate-induced erosions and tectonics in NW Himalaya [20] Glacierized area of Ravi Basin, India Glacial meltwater hydrogeochemical study [21] Jhok Forest, along the Ravi River, Pakistan Ecological status of a reserve forest in low flooded riparian [22] Ravi River, Lahore Pakistan Movement of arsenic in groundwater [23] Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej Rivers, India Arsenic contamination in the flood plains of India [24] Table 1.…”

Hydrogeochemical Process and Quality Assessment of Surface Water Around Fuli Abandoned Quarries Area, Northern Anhui Province, China

“…The conductivity (EC), pH, and total soluble solids (TDS) of all samples were obtained in the field by portable devices (ST20R, ST20 and ST20T-B) from OHAUS (Shanghai, China). The contents of main cations (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ) and main anions (SO 4 2 , Cl -) were measured by Ion chromatograph (ICS-600-900, USA). The contents of CO 3 2and HCO 3 were determined by acid-base titration (analysis error of anion and cation was controlled within 5%).…”

“…The surface water around mining area is widely useful for industrial and domestic demand [1][2]. The mining water are facing two issues of change in water quality and decline of water table in many parts of the World [3][4][5][6]. Water quality is the key factor for human health and quantity of grains by influencing on soils, biology and environment.…”

Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Treated Wastewater Reuse on Water-Soil-Plant Ecosystems in Oued Bou Naim, Eastern Morocco

“…Both organic and inorganic pollutants present in wastewater challenge water quality, making it essential to meticulously address this issue (Pimentel et al, 2004). Pollutants, including heavy metals and pathogens, infiltrate surface water bodies, leading to environmental degradation and potential health hazards (Schwarzenbach et al, 2010;Khan et al, 2021). These contaminants, which arise from natural processes and anthropogenic activities, require rigorous investigation into their transmission mechanisms and impacts on aquatic and soil ecosystems (Breida et al, 2019).…”