Assessment of the impacts of distributed generation and electric vehicles as mobile sources through a nodal and zonal pricing methodology

Abstract

Electricity is an essential asset for the economic and social development of any region. In the search for a cleaner, balanced and economical process, the industry and the electricity sector suffered several transformations over the years. Renewable energies became appealing, but electric vehicles also deserve attention, especially because they can act as source or load, with an impact on the electricity tariff. This work uses nodal and zonal pricing methodologies in a distribution system to verify the renewable micro-generation advantage to the system and to scale them through an electricity tariff system, based on a regulatory context implemented in Brazil. The used methodology enables one to assess how the distributed generators, including electric vehicles working as sources, interfere with the locational pricing in the system.

A three‐stage economy optimization method for the aggregator based on electric vehicle user response volumes

“…In [21], an orderly dispatching strategy for EVs using V2G(vehicle‐to‐grid) technology was established. In [22], a node price method for EVs was proposed. In [23], a new optimization method for the TOU(time‐of‐use) price considering the two‐way feedback effect was studied.…”

Real‐time pricing response attack in smart grid

“…The participants have cut the supply portion of their power bills by about $$15\%$$ [8]. However, in the context of increasing demand‐side participation, the power system's operational reliability and security become critical issues [9, 10]. The heavy reliance on a wide range of communication networks is subject to the security risks of cyber‐attacks [11].…”