Assessment of the impact on paediatric rabies at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi, following a mass canine rabies vaccination programme

Zimmer, Barbara; Gamble, Luke; Foster, Rachel; Kennedy, Ntumba Mukendi; Mayer, Dagmar; Bailey, Jordana Burdon; Lemon, Jennifer; Langton, Josephine

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.165

Cited by 3 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A total of 543 714 bite victims were recorded in included studies. Age-specific and sex-specific distribution revealed that the most fatal cases belonged to age groups 0–14 years 29 33 35 38 43 45 46 48 84 91 92 94 96 100 102. Other studies identified rabies victims of 15 years and above 30 38 39 42 46 84 95 96 100 103.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“… 38 Another study undertaken in Malawi reported 14 paediatric rabies cases during the study period. 92 A 6-year retrospective study revealed 31 positive cases of human rabies in Madagascar. 46 In Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a 5-year retrospective study found 29 positive to rabies in a total of 5053 dog bites recorded in the veterinary clinics, 34 and Frey et al estimated an annual incidence of bites from suspected rabid animals of 12.9/100 000 and an incidence of 0.7 human rabies deaths/100 000 in Chad.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The review reported only quantitative studies on rabies surveillance, prevention and control. Thirty-two quantitative studies were retrospective cohort with 8 months to 14 years of study duration,21 29–31 33 34 36 38–46 48 84–98 three studies were mixed designs (retrospective and cross-sectional study),47 99 100 three were prospective cohort studies,32 35 101 two were cross-sectional studies,102 103 one was case–control,37 one was clinical trial104 and a randomised control trial 105…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-one studies reported human rabies morbidity in Africa (table 1). 30 34–39 41 43 46 48 84 86 88–92 97 99–101 103 Among them, five studies were undertaken in Tanzania, the first study estimated an average annual incidence per 100 000 bites of 37.1, 11.3 and 33.5 in the human population districts of Ulanga (193 280 inhabitants), Kilombero (321 611 inhabitants) and Serengeti (176 057 inhabitants), respectively 89. The second study found that the incidence of bite patients seeking PEP declined substantially (>50%) from 2011 to 2015 90.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Rabies mortality and morbidity associated with animal bites in Africa: a case for integrated rabies disease surveillance, prevention and control: a scoping review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveThe objective of this scoping review was to map the current situation and available evidence and gaps on rabies morbidity, mortality, integrated rabies surveillance programmes, and existing prevention and control strategies in Africa.MethodsWe conducted a systematic scoping review following the Joanna Briggs methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist. Medline, Embase, CINAHL (EBSCOHost), Scopus, Web of Science and rabies web conferences were used to search for peer-reviewed publications between January 1946 and May 2020. Two researchers reviewed the studies and extracted data based on author (year) and region, study design and data collection duration, participants/comparators, interventions, control conditions/exposures and outcomes (rabies mortality and morbidity) and key findings/gaps/challenges. The results were reported narratively using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework.ResultsElectronic search yielded 2775 records, of which 43 studies were included. A total of 543 714 bite victims were censored through the included studies. Most of the victims were less than 15 years of age. The studies included rabies morbidity (21) and mortality (15) fluctuating in space and time across Africa depending on countries’ rabies prevention and control practices (16). Others were surveillance (nine studies); surveillance and prevention (five studies); management and control (seven studies); and surveillance, prevention and control (six studies). We found challenges in rabies reporting, existing dog vaccination programmes and post-exposure prophylaxis availability or compliance.ConclusionThis study found challenges for dog rabies control and elimination in Africa and the need for a policy to drive the goal of zero dog-transmitted rabies to humans by 2030.This is an open-access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build on this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated and the use is non-commercial (see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Rabies mortality and morbidity associated with animal bites in Africa: a case for integrated rabies disease surveillance, prevention and control: a scoping review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Over the following 3 y prior to the start of our long-term vaccination program (May 2012 to May 2015), 12 children died from rabies. Since the start of our campaign in May 2015, a total of 2 children have died from rabies in the same geographical area around Blantyre over the subsequent 2 y (May 2015 to May 2017) ( 20 ), providing compelling evidence that our collaborative program of work is decreasing the incidence of pediatric rabies in the Blantyre region. It has been estimated that, if dog vaccination and PEP provision levels do not increase, more than 1 million people will lose their lives to rabies between 2020 and 2035 ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Using data-driven approaches to improve delivery of animal health care interventions for public health

Mazeri

Bailey²,

Mayer³

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rabies kills ∼60,000 people per year. Annual vaccination of at least 70% of dogs has been shown to eliminate rabies in both human and canine populations. However, delivery of large-scale mass dog vaccination campaigns remains a challenge in many rabies-endemic countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, where the vast majority of dogs are owned, mass vaccination campaigns have typically depended on a combination of static point (SP) and door-to-door (D2D) approaches since SP-only campaigns often fail to achieve 70% vaccination coverage. However, D2D approaches are expensive, labor-intensive, and logistically challenging, raising the need to develop approaches that increase attendance at SPs. Here, we report a real-time, data-driven approach to improve efficiency of an urban dog vaccination campaign. Historically, we vaccinated ∼35,000 dogs in Blantyre city, Malawi, every year over a 20-d period each year using combined fixed SP (FSP) and D2D approaches. To enhance cost effectiveness, we used our historical vaccination dataset to define the barriers to FSP attendance. Guided by these insights, we redesigned our vaccination campaign by increasing the number of FSPs and eliminating the expensive and labor-intensive D2D component. Combined with roaming SPs, whose locations were defined through the real-time analysis of vaccination coverage data, this approach resulted in the vaccination of near-identical numbers of dogs in only 11 d. This approach has the potential to act as a template for successful and sustainable future urban SP-only dog vaccination campaigns.

show abstract

Current status and molecular epidemiology of rabies virus from different hosts and regions in Malawi

Kainga

Chatanga

Phonera³

et al. 2023

Arch Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although rabies is endemic in Malawi, there have been no studies in which rabies virus was systematically investigated and characterized in multiple animal hosts in that country. In order to provide molecular epidemiological data on rabies virus in Malawi, 683 suspected rabies case reports from 2008 to 2021 were examined, and 46 (dog = 40, cow = 5, and cat = 1) viable rabies-positive brain samples archived at the Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Lilongwe, Malawi, were analyzed genetically. The results showed an increase in the submission of brain samples from 2008 to 2010, with the highest number of submissions observed in 2020. Of the 683 case reports analyzed for the period under review, 38.1% (260/683) (CI: 34.44 – 41.84) were confirmed by direct fluorescent antibody test. Among the confirmed cases, 65.4% (170/260) (CI: 59.23 – 71.09) were canine rabies. Further, phylogenetic analysis revealed that sequences from different animal hosts clustered together within the Africa 1b lineage, suggesting that the strains circulating in livestock are similar to those in domestic dogs. This finding supports the hypothesis that canine rabies is spilling over to livestock and emphasizes the need for further studies to provide data for effective control of rabies in Malawi.

show abstract

Assessment of the impact on paediatric rabies at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi, following a mass canine rabies vaccination programme

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Rabies mortality and morbidity associated with animal bites in Africa: a case for integrated rabies disease surveillance, prevention and control: a scoping review

Rabies mortality and morbidity associated with animal bites in Africa: a case for integrated rabies disease surveillance, prevention and control: a scoping review

Using data-driven approaches to improve delivery of animal health care interventions for public health

Current status and molecular epidemiology of rabies virus from different hosts and regions in Malawi

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About