Assessment of the impact of chloride on the formation of chlorinated by-products in the presence and absence of electrochemically activated sulfate

Farhat, Ali; Keller, Jürg; Tait, Stephan; Radjenović, Jelena

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.08.033

Cited by 59 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…•− radicals and limit the extent of radical chain propagation reactions [5,24]. Thus, future research should address the impact of the inorganic and organic water matrix on radical chain propagation reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the analytical methods and reactor design are given elsewhere [4,5]. anolytes (1.6 mM, pH 2) were quenched with methanol immediately and after 30 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…•− (Eqs. (1)- and inorganic contaminants [4][5][6]. The removal rates of several persistent organic contaminants were 10-15 times higher in the presence of sulfate compared to • OH-based electrooxidation in inert anolytes [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative capacitance of sulfate-based boron-doped diamond electrochemical system

Farhat

Keller

Tait

et al. 2018

Electrochemistry Communications

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This study investigates the sustained oxidation performance of sulfate-based electrooxidation at a boron-doped diamond anode; more specifically, the continued oxidation of a model compound, diatrizoate, in the absence of applied current (i.e., off-grid oxidation). Two approaches were taken: delayed sample quenching with methanol, and application of intermittent current supply. For samples electrooxidized in Na 2 SO 4 anolyte for 10-15 min, a delay of 60 min in sample quenching yielded an additional diatrizoate removal of 53%. This impact of sample quenching delay was observed at both pH 2 and pH 7, indicating that the source of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals was present at both pH values. Intermittent current supply (cycles of 5 min ON/15 min OFF) enabled a saving in electrical energy consumption by ~35% compared to constant current, due to continued removal of diatrizoate during the OFF periods. Electrooxidation in NaNO 3 anolyte did not show any off-grid oxidation of diatrizoate, confirming the crucial role of electrochemically activated sulfate. Given that the sulfate concentration was only 150 mg L-1 , the results presented herein may have significant implications in the electrochemical treatment of various types of contaminated water, from groundwater to sulfate-rich wastewater.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the analytical methods and reactor design are given elsewhere [4,5]. anolytes (1.6 mM, pH 2) were quenched with methanol immediately and after 30 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative capacitance of sulfate-based boron-doped diamond electrochemical system

Farhat

Keller

Tait

et al. 2018

Electrochemistry Communications

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“…It has been demonstrated that sulfate radicals can be generated at the BDD anode surface using sulfate ions apart from conventional persulfate and peroxymonosulfate as precursors . Compared to nitrate anolyte, yield of sulfate anolyte is seven‐fold higher for diatrizoate and iopromide degradation, two‐fold for toc removal and six‐fold for sulfamethoxazole degradation .…”

Section: Applications Of Bdd In Water and Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Applications of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes: 1. Applications in Water and Wastewater Treatment

Nidheesh

Divyapriya

Oturan³

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

133

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Over the past few decades, environmental applications of the boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode are reported to be vast and versatile. Applications of BDD electrodes in the field of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) for the abatement of toxic persistent organic pollutants are significant, owing to the easy and effective way of treatment. This article focuses on highlighting and summarizing the applications of the BDD electrode for the treatment of different synthetic and real wastewaters, such as those involved in pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides/herbicides, dyes, etc. We also review the processes and methodologies involving the synthesis of BDD electrodes and summarize the desirable characteristic features required for the application of EAOPs. Applications of BDD electrodes for the treatment of wastewater through different EAOPs, including anodic oxidation, electro‐Fenton, coupling processes such as electro‐Fenton pyrite, bioelectro‐Fenton, and their recent advancements are also discussed in detail. It envisages the greater potential for complete treatment of different toxic wastewater effluents. This Review shows that the application of BDD electrodes in the field of wastewater treatment is tremendous and proves to be a promising material for future perspectives.

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“…During the process of drying, NaClO can be decomposed into two kinds of salt: sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium chlorate (NaClO 3 ). NaClO 3 can be dissolved and removed by acetone, and the remaining NaCl can be removed by dialysis . The schematic diagram of reaction is shown in Figure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel hydrophilic N‐halamine polymer with enhanced antibacterial activity synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization

Xiao

Hao

Chang

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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N-halamine-based antibacterial agents have high efficiency and rechargeable antibacterial properties. However, their applications are limited due to their complex synthetic process and fuzzy antibacterial mechanism. In this study, a novel N-halamine antibacterial polymer was synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Due to the difficulty of purification, most of the subjects studied previously were hydrophobic polymers, while little research on hydrophilic polymers. In this experiment, this difficulty was overcome by controlling the dosage of sodium hypochlorite and methods of dialysis. Because of the complex cell structure of Gram-negative bacteria, it is difficult for N-halamines to release the oxidizing chlorine into the cell. However, the hydrophilic N-halamines can solve this problem, which showed a stronger antibacterial effect on Gram-negative Escherichia coli synthesized in this study. In addition, the particle size and hydrophilic property of the polymer were changed by changing the amount of initiator, and the differences in their antibacterial properties were studied.

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Assessment of the impact of chloride on the formation of chlorinated by-products in the presence and absence of electrochemically activated sulfate

Cited by 59 publications

References 55 publications

Oxidative capacitance of sulfate-based boron-doped diamond electrochemical system

Oxidative capacitance of sulfate-based boron-doped diamond electrochemical system

Environmental Applications of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes: 1. Applications in Water and Wastewater Treatment

Novel hydrophilic N‐halamine polymer with enhanced antibacterial activity synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization

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