Assessment of the impact of a bleached kraft mill effluent on a south-central USA river

D'Surney, S.J.; Eddy, L. P.; Felder, D. P.; Rodgers, JH; Deardorff, Thomas L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-7278(2000)15:1<28::aid-tox5>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Relatively few field studies exist, either in mesocosms or in natural streams, that have examined the effects of PPME on macroinvertebrate communities (e.g., Hall et al 1991; Culp et al 2000, 2003). In many cases, these studies are limited to a single season (e.g., Felder et al 1998; D'Surney et al 2000) or year (e.g., Mayack and Waterhouse 1983). As a component of the Long‐Term Receiving Water Study (LTRWS), we collected macroinvertebrates twice per year over an 8‐ to 9‐y period from multiple sites upstream and downstream of PPME discharges on 4 receiving water streams to determine if macroinvertebrate communities exposed to PPME differed significantly from those at unexposed sites in each of the 4 streams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a long‐term watershed‐scale study to address the effects of pulp and paper mill discharges in four us receiving streams

Flinders

Minshall

Ragsdale

et al. 2009

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Changes in macroinvertebrate communities exposed to pulp and paper mill effluent (PPME) have been seen in mesocosm and short-term field studies. However, long-term patterns of macroinvertebrates in PPME receiving streams have not been examined. We conducted a study of 4 PPME receiving streams (Codorus Creek, PA; the Leaf River, MS; and the McKenzie and Willamette rivers, OR) over 9 y to assess temporal patterns in macroinvertebrate community structure and metrics related to PPME discharge. Study streams represented different ecoregions, warm-/cold-water systems, gradients of PPME concentration (<1%-33%), and mill process types. Bray-Curtis similarity and nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed significant community differences across sites in Codorus Creek, but differences were related to stream temperature patterns and not PPME. In the other study streams, seasonal community differences across years were greater than differences across sites. General linear models were used to examine spatial and temporal variation in macroinvertebrate metric response (% dominant taxa, density, richness, Hilsenhoff Biotic Index [HBI], Simpson's Index, and ash-free dry mass). Mean HBI scores indicated that the macroinvertebrate community reflected fair to very good water quality conditions, with water quality typically classified as "good" at most sites. Significant site differences in macroinvertebrate metric response were uncommon in the Leaf, McKenzie, and Willamette rivers but were seen in all metrics in Codorus Creek, where metric response was spatially variable. In the McKenzie River, there was an increase in mean HBI scores at sites downstream of the mill relative to 1 of the 2 upstream sites. However, significant differences were seen only between 1 upstream and downstream site, and HBI scores at all downstream sites consistently reflected "good" water quality. Significant annual differences in metric response were typical in all rivers. Water quality (pH, conductivity, total nitrogen) and habitat (velocity, depth, substrate composition) variables explained community structure patterns in the Leaf and McKenzie rivers, but macroinvertebrate-environment relationships were weak in the other 2 streams. The results of this study indicate that macroinvertebrate community structure is temporally variable and reiterate the importance of long-term studies for accurate determination of the effects of point sources such as PPME on receiving systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a long‐term watershed‐scale study to address the effects of pulp and paper mill discharges in four us receiving streams

Flinders

Minshall

Ragsdale

et al. 2009

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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“…The effects of pulp and paper mill effluent (PPME) on fish have been extensively investigated in the past by means of laboratory tests (Kovacs et al 1995; Parrott et al 2003, 2006), mesocosms (Borton et al 1996; Sepulveda et al 2003), and field studies (Karås et al 1991; Sanström 1994; Kovacs et al 1997; D'Surney et al 2000). A variety of effluent‐related effects have been noted, with alterations in reproductive indicators receiving the most attention (Hewitt et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although population‐level field studies have been conducted (Sanström 1996; Kovacs et al 1997; McMaster et al 2006), studies examining the relationship between PPME and community structure and function in effluent‐receiving streams are rare. Few studies have compared fish community structure in rivers downstream of PPME discharges to communities at reference sites (Adams et al 1996; D'Surney et al 2000; Kovacs et al 2002; Greenfield and Bart 2005), and some community‐level studies in lake and marine environments have also been completed (Hansson 1987; Neuman and Karås 1988; Karels and Niemi 2002; Sanström and Neuman 2003). In most cases, studies were conducted over relatively short periods of time and provided a snapshot assessment of fish condition, although some studies were designed to examine improvements in fish community measures after mill operational changes that improved PPME quality (Kovacs et al 2002; Sanström and Neuman 2003; Greenfield and Bart 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of fish community structure in a long‐term watershed‐scale study to address the aquatic ecosystem effects of pulp and paper mill discharges in four us receiving streams

Flinders

Ragsdale

Hall

2009

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Physiological changes have been seen in individual fish exposed to pulp and paper mill effluent (PPME), but it is unclear whether community-level changes are seen in fish in PPME receiving waters. We conducted a study of 4 PPME receiving streams (Codorus Creek, PA, USA), the Leaf River (Forrest and Perry Counties, MS, USA), and the McKenzie and Willamette rivers (Lane County, OR, USA) over 9 y to assess temporal patterns in the type and relative abundance of fish species and measures of community structure and function related to PPME discharge. We used boat and backpack electrofishing to sample large- and small-bodied fish from the McKenzie and Willamette rivers, boat electrofishing to sample large-bodied fish from the Leaf River, and backpack electrofishing to sample the entire fish community from Codorus Creek. Study streams represented different ecoregions, warm- and coldwater systems, gradients of PPME concentration (<1%-33%), and mill process types. Bray-Curtis similarity and nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed high variation in fish communities across sites, seasons, and years. Significant site differences in fish communities were seen in most streams and community types, but distinct separation of sites was seen only in Codorus Creek and unrelated to PPME discharge. No seasonal differences were seen in fish community structure in any stream, with only weak annual patterns in large-bodied fish in the Leaf River and small-bodied fish in the McKenzie River. General linear models were used to examine spatial and temporal variation in fish metric response (abundance, species richness, Simpson's diversity, % dominant species, standing crop, % DELT, % intolerant, % omnivore, % piscivore). Significant site differences in metric response were largely limited to Codorus Creek and unrelated to PPME. Significant reductions of % dominant taxa of small-bodied fish and % large-bodied piscivores were also observed downstream of the PPME discharge on the McKenzie River relative to upstream sites. Seasonal changes in fish metric response were rare, and changes with year were variable. The relationship between fish community structure and water quality variables (pH, color, conductivity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen) was weak in all streams for all community types. The results of this study show that PPME exposure has little effect on fish communities in these streams and aid in addressing management strategies. The high spatial and temporal variability reiterate the importance of long-term studies to elucidate patterns in receiving waters.

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“…In addition, sex ratios of Gambusia reared in 100% fi nal effl uent were not altered from controls (McCarthy et al 2004). Decreased potential fecundity, measured as brood size of developing embryos, was reported in early preliminary work (Rosa-Molinar and Williams 1984); however, these observations were not detected in more recent studies (Felder et al 1998;D'Surney et al 2000). Recent reports (Noggle 2005;Noggle et al 2010) have also demonstrated that improvements in processing technologies and reductions in black liquor losses by the paper industry have reduced masculinization responses in Gambusia relative to these initial investigations: (Howell et al 1980;Drysdale and Bortone 1989;Cody and Bortone 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Reproductive Success of Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) Exposed to Pulp and Paper Dominated Receiving Streams and Effects of Masculinization Responses

Noggle

Holm²,

Thompson³

et al. 2010

Water Quality Research Journal

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Mosquitofish (Gambusia) are sexually dimorphic; adult males have an elongation of the anal fin to form a copulatory structure known as a gonopodium. Several studies since the early 1980s have reported elongated anal fins in female mosquitofish exposed to pulp and paper mill discharge, a phenomenon known as masculinization. Although adverse impacts have been suggested in these previous reports, the influence of masculinization on reproductive success has not been assessed for pulp mill effluent-exposed eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki or affinis). The current study compared fecundity (number of fry per female at parturition) to an index of masculinization (ratio of anal fin rays 4 to 6). Pregnant females were collected from two effluent-receiving streams in Florida: Rice Creek and the Fenholloway River, over two reproductive seasons (2003 and 2004). Masculinization was consistent between years, with clear effects at the Fenholloway River site, while the response was minimal or nondetectable at the Rice Creek site. Masculinization was not correlated with the production of fry/fecundity at either site. Data suggest differing reproductive seasonal strategies between basins and populations but do not demonstrate any effects of pulp and paper exposure on reproductive success in mosquitofish.

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Assessment of the impact of a bleached kraft mill effluent on a south-central USA river

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Patterns of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a long‐term watershed‐scale study to address the effects of pulp and paper mill discharges in four us receiving streams

Patterns of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a long‐term watershed‐scale study to address the effects of pulp and paper mill discharges in four us receiving streams

Patterns of fish community structure in a long‐term watershed‐scale study to address the aquatic ecosystem effects of pulp and paper mill discharges in four us receiving streams

Reproductive Success of Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) Exposed to Pulp and Paper Dominated Receiving Streams and Effects of Masculinization Responses

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