Assessment of the Global Fund-supported procurement and supply chain reforms at the Ethiopian Pharmaceuticals Supply Agency: a mixed-methods study

Abstract

ObjectiveThe Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) partnered with the Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Supply Agency (EPSA) in 2018–2019 to reform procurement and supply chain management (PSCM) procedures within the Ethiopian healthcare system. This assessment sought to determine the impact of the reforms and document the lessons learnt.DesignMixed-methods study incorporating qualitative and quantitative analysis. Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were applied for the qualitative methods, and the data collected was transcribed in full and subjected to thematic content analysis. Descriptive analysis was applied to quantitative data.SettingThe study was based in Ethiopia and focused on the EPSA operations nationally between 2017 and 2021.ParticipantsTwenty-five Ethiopian healthcare decision-makers and health workers.InterventionGlobal Fund training programme for health workers and infrastructural improvementsOutcomesOperational and financial measures for healthcare PSCM.ResultsThe availability of antiretrovirals, tuberculosis and malaria medicines, and other related commodities, remained consistently high. Line fill rate and forecast accuracy were average. Between 2018 and 2021, procurement lead times for HIV and malaria-related orders reduced by 43.0% relative to other commodities that reported an increase. Many interview respondents recognised the important role of the Global Fund support in improving the performance of EPSA and provided specific attributions to the observed successes. However, they were also clear that more needs to be done in specific critical areas such as financing, strategic reorganisation, data and information management systems.ConclusionThe Global Fund-supported initiatives led to improvements in the EPSA performance, despite several persistent challenges. To sustain and secure the gains achieved so far through Global Fund support and make progress, it is important that various stakeholders, including the government and the donor community, work together to support EPSA in delivering on its core mandate within the Ethiopian health system.

Management of drug supply chain information based on “artificial intelligence + vendor managed inventory” in China: perspective based on a case study

“…Many hospitals have tried different business management concepts to enhance their supply chains and apply them to healthcare facilities ( Amerine et al, 2017 ; da Silva and de Mattos, 2019 ). While some have succeeded, others have failed, resulting in significant losses ( Agarwal and Garg, 2012 ; Lesego et al, 2023 ). In recent years, the rapid development of information technology has enabled the application of digital intelligent supply chain systems in hospital drug supply guarantee systems, thanks to new technologies like big data, artificial intelligence, industrial internet, and blockchain.…”