Assessment of the Fruit Chemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Different Mulberry Cultivars (Morus spp.) in Semi-Arid, Sandy Regions of China

Sun, Zhiyu; Zhou, Yongbin; Zhu, Wenxu; Yin, You

doi:10.3390/foods12183495

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 63 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Morus sp. (mulberry) has been used as a traditional medicine with a range of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects [ 17 , 28 ]. Several groups have extracted compounds that mirror these effects both in vitro and in animal models in vivo [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Extracellular Particles Isolated from Morus sp. (Mulberry) Fruit to Their Reported Protective Health Benefits: An In Vitro Study

Garrett,

Pink,

Lawson

2024

IJMS

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Morus sp. (mulberry) has a long tradition of use as a medicinal treatment, including for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, being shown to have antioxidant properties and to promote wound healing. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are sub-micron, membrane-enclosed particles that were first identified in mammalian bodily fluids. EV-like particles have been described in plants (PDVs) and shown to have similar characteristics to mammalian EVs. We hypothesised that some of the health benefits previously attributed to the fruit of Morus sp. could be due to the release of PDVs. We isolated PDVs from Morus nigra and Morus alba via ultracentrifugation and incubated THP-1 monocytes, differentiated THP-1 macrophages, or HMEC-1 endothelial cells with pro-oxidant compounds DMNQ (THP-1) and glucose oxidase (HMEC-1) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of different fractions of mulberry EVs. Mulberry EVs augmented ROS production with DMNQ in THP-1 and caused the downregulation of ROS in HMEC-1. Mulberry EVs increased LPS-induced IL-1β secretion but reduced CCL2 and TGF-β secretion in THP-1 macrophages. In scratch wound assays, mulberry EVs inhibited HMEC-1 migration but increased proliferation in both low and high serum conditions, suggesting that they have opposing effects in these two important aspects of wound healing. One of the limitations of plant-derived therapeutics has been overcoming the low bioavailability of isolated compounds. We propose that PDVs could provide the link between physiological dose and therapeutic benefit by protecting plant active compounds in the GIT as well as potentially delivering genetic material or proteins that contribute to previously observed health benefits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Extracellular Particles Isolated from Morus sp. (Mulberry) Fruit to Their Reported Protective Health Benefits: An In Vitro Study

Garrett,

Pink,

Lawson

2024

IJMS

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Dynamics of Microbial Community Structure and Metabolites during Mulberry Ripening

Bian,

Fang,

Yuan

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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In this experiment, we explored the chemical composition and community structure of Mulberry “Wuhedashi” (Morus alba L., hereinafter referred to as WHDS) in different stages and obtained data support for its resource utilisation. Five ripening stages were established: S1, deep-red stage; S2, red with black stage; S3, black with red stage; S4, black stage; S5, overripe stage. The results showed that there were significant differences in the indicators of WHDS in the different stages. Immature WHDS contains high levels of amino acids (2.14 ± 0.15 mg/g), organic acids (43.10 ± 0.75 mg/g), K (3019.52 ± 78.00 mg/L), and Ca (1617.86 ± 24.45 mg/L) and is an important source of amino acid and mineral supplementation for the body. Total phenolic compounds (26.15 ± 0.43 g/L), total flavonoids (2.46 ± 0.03 g/L), total anthocyanins (587.60 ± 7.38 mg/L), the ABTS radical scavenging rate (94.20 ± 2.18%), the DPPH radical scavenging rate (95.13 ± 1.44%), and total flavour compounds (1279.09 ± 33.50 mg/L) peaked at S4, which is the optimal stage for the consumption and processing of WHDS. High-throughput sequencing identified 10 dominant genera, including Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Pseudomonas, and Tatumella. Nesterenkonia was the most highly associated micro-organism. Bacterial genera such as Pantoea and Pseudomonas were significantly positively correlated with esters, enhancing the floral and fruity flavours of wine. The results of the study revealed the characteristics of WHDS in different stages, which can help to target the development of nutritious mulberry derivatives and provide a reference for enhancing the added value of mulberry.

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Potential Role and Mechanism of Mulberry Extract in Immune Modulation: Focus on Chemical Compositions, Mechanistic Insights, and Extraction Techniques

Abbas,

Tong,

Wang

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Mulberry is a rapidly growing plant that thrives in diverse climatic, topographical, and soil types, spanning temperature and temperate countries. Mulberry plants are valued as functional foods for their abundant chemical composition, serving as a significant reservoir of bioactive compounds like proteins, polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids. Moreover, these compounds displayed potent antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation, and restoring elevated nitric oxide production induced by LPS stimulation through the downregulation of inducible NO synthase expression. Active components like oxyresveratrol found in Morus demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting leukocyte migration through the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Gallic and chlorogenic acids in mulberry leaves (ML) powder-modulated TNF, IL-6, and IRS1 proteins, improving various inflammatory conditions by immune system modulation. As we delve deeper into understanding its anti-inflammatory potential and how it works therapeutically, it is crucial to refine the extraction process to enhance the effectiveness of its bioactive elements. Recent advancements in extraction techniques, such as solid–liquid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, superficial fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, are being explored. Among the extraction methods tested, including Soxhlet extraction, maceration, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), UAE demonstrated superior efficiency in extracting bioactive compounds from mulberry leaves. Overall, this comprehensive review sheds light on the potential of mulberry as a natural immunomodulatory agent and provides insights into its mechanisms of action for future research and therapeutic applications.

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Assessment of the Fruit Chemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Different Mulberry Cultivars (Morus spp.) in Semi-Arid, Sandy Regions of China

Cited by 3 publications

References 63 publications

Contribution of Extracellular Particles Isolated from Morus sp. (Mulberry) Fruit to Their Reported Protective Health Benefits: An In Vitro Study

Contribution of Extracellular Particles Isolated from Morus sp. (Mulberry) Fruit to Their Reported Protective Health Benefits: An In Vitro Study

Dynamics of Microbial Community Structure and Metabolites during Mulberry Ripening

Potential Role and Mechanism of Mulberry Extract in Immune Modulation: Focus on Chemical Compositions, Mechanistic Insights, and Extraction Techniques

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