Assessment of the Exposure to Aromatic Amines in Users of Various Tobacco/Nicotine Products

Scherer, Gerhard; Riedel, Kirsten; Pluym, Nikola; Scherer, Max

doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c06130

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The study protocol for the second study, as described in the original review [11], detailed a controlled, single-center study involving 60 healthy subjects, divided into six product use groups (five nicotine product user groups and one non-user group) based on the sole use of their products of choice (cigarettes, HTPs, EVPs, oral tobacco products, and oral/transdermal nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products) [114]. The results of the study have been published in several articles, with each article looking at different biomarker classes [115][116][117][118][119][120][121]. The subjects were confined in a clinical setting for a period of 76 hours, during which time unrestricted use of their product of choice was permitted as described (cigarettes, HTPs, EVPs, oral tobacco products, and oral/transdermal nicotine replacement therapy products).…”

Section: Forced Switching Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exposure of HTP users to tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), minor alkaloids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aromatic amines, ethylene oxide, 1,3-butadiene, and benzene was reported to be at levels comparable to those observed for non-users [116][117][118][119][120]. Overall, the authors concluded that unique differentiation between product use groups by means of a single biomarker was not possible for users of oral tobacco products, HTP users, and nicotine gum users [121].…”

Section: Forced Switching Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Product Science of Electrically Heated Tobacco Products: An Updated Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature

Cordery,

Thompson,

Stevenson

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Heated tobacco products represent a novel category of tobacco products in which a tobacco consumable is heated to a temperature that releases nicotine from the tobacco leaf but not to a temperature sufficient to cause combustion. Heated tobacco products may therefore have the potential to be a less harmful alternative for adult smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke cigarettes, as their use should result in exposure to substantially fewer and lower levels of toxicants. This update represents a two-year extension to our previous narrative review, which covered peer-reviewed journal articles published up to August 31, 2021. The scientific evidence published between 2021 and 2023 continues to indicate that aerosols produced from heated tobacco products contain fewer and substantially lower levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents and that these observed reductions consistently translate to reduced biological effects in both in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies. Biomarker and clinical data from studies in which product use is controlled within a clinical setting continue to suggest changes in levels of biomarkers of exposure, biomarkers of potential harm, and clinical endpoints indicating the potential for reduced harm with switching to exclusive use of heated tobacco products in adult smokers. Overall, the available peer-reviewed scientific evidence continues to indicate that heated tobacco products offer promise as a potentially less harmful alternative to cigarettes, and as such, the conclusions of our original narrative review remain valid.

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Section: Forced Switching Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Forced Switching Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Product Science of Electrically Heated Tobacco Products: An Updated Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature

Cordery,

Thompson,

Stevenson

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…NGPs deliver similar or somewhat reduced amounts of nicotine (19), but signi cantly lower amounts of toxicants (1,20). Use of NGPs was shown to be implicated with substantial reductions in the exposure to all classes of toxicants including aldehydes, epoxides, tobacco-speci c nitrosamines (TSNAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aromatic amines compared to smokers of CCs by measuring suitable biomarkers of exposure (21)(22)(23)(24) (for review, see: (20,(25)(26)(27)(28)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from the considerable reduction (80-95%) in the exposure to tobacco combustion chemicals, use of NGPs involves the daily exposure to nicotine, matrix components and avor compounds in larger amounts and some toxicants more likely in trance amounts (microgram to nanogram range (20)). A systematic biomarker of exposure (BOE) study under controlled conditions with users of CCs, ECs, HTPs, oral tobacco (OT) and nicotine gum in comparison to non-users (NU) revealed that OT users (various products, not only snus) showed elevations in the exposure to TSNAs lower or close to that in CC smokers (21)(22)(23)(24). There was some weak evidence that HTP users' exposure to acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, o-toluidine and TSNA was slightly (but not signi cantly) higher than that of NU and the other non-CC groups, but much lower than that of smokers (CC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral health risks in users of new generation nicotine/tobacco products (NGPs): Systematic review and qualitative meta-analyses

Scherer,

Pluym,

Scherer

2024

Preprint

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Background Use of traditional tobacco products, including combustible cigarettes (CCs) and smokeless oral products, is an established risk factor for various oral diseases. A potential oral health risk of using new generation tobacco/nicotine products (NGPs) such as electronic cigarettes (ECs), heated tobacco products (HTPs) and oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) is not yet well established. Methods In this systematic review, we evaluated published human studies on detrimental oral health effects in NGP users compared to CC smokers and non-users (NU). We identified 52 studies, of which almost all investigations were on EC users. The studies were extremely heterogeneous in terms of design, subjects, endpoints and quality. Reported outcomes, based on both single and grouped endpoints were qualitatively evaluated by comparing NGP users with NU and CC users. Significant increases (indicating a worsening in oral health), significant decreases (indicating an improvement) and no significant difference between groups were assigned scores of + 1, -1 and 0, respectively. Results With this approach, comparisons of EC versus NU yielded mean scores of 0.29 (pre-cancerous lesions, N = 14 observations), 0.27 (inflammatory processes, N = 83), 0.43 (oral clinical parameters, N = 93) and 0.70 (shifts in the oral microbiome, N = 10). The corresponding values for the EC versus CC comparisons amounted to: -0.33 (N = 15), -0.14 (N = 76), -0.27 (N = 78) and 0.57 (N = 7). Most of the evaluated studies have severe limitations in terms of group sizes, duration of NGP use and validity of self-reported exclusive NGP use. In particular, any dual use (EC + CC) was mostly not adequately taken into account. Conclusions The evaluated studies suggest that use of ECs is associated with some improvement of oral health effects compared to cigarette smoking (CC), but oral health is still found to be worse compared to NU. These results have to be interpreted with caution due to a number of limitations and uncertainties in the underlying studies.

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“…The emissions produced from HTPs include a wide variety of chemical species, such as carbonyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 11 , metals 12 , aromatic amines 13 , alkanes, organic acids, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 14 , and particulate matter 6 , 15 . Particles, depending on their chemical composition in addition to their physical properties, may have severe health effects 16 and are of primary importance in the study of emissions of tobacco products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle emissions from heated tobacco products

Zervas,

Matsouki,

Tsipa

et al. 2024

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION This study determines the particle emissions from five heated tobacco products (HTPs). METHODS An aethalometer is used for the determination of black carbon (BC) and an aerosol monitor for total particulate matter (PM) concentration and also PM fractions (1, 2.5, 4, and 10 μm) in the mainstream emissions of 5 HTPs: IQOS, LIL, PULZE, ILUMA, and GLO. Fifteen different flavors were used, five sticks per flavor, which were smoked using a peristaltic pump under both ISO and Canadian smoking regimes. The method repeatability was determined using 15 sticks of one flavor for each brand for each smoking regime. RESULTS All HTPs emit particles, and more than 99.7% of the particles emitted are smaller than 1 μm. Both BC and PM emissions show quite low repeatability. Particle emissions increase in relation to the heating temperature and the intensity smoking regime, and are depending on the flavor used. BC corresponds to a small percentage of total PM. CONCLUSIONS Although HTPs are promoted as products of reduced risk compared to conventional cigarettes, high particle concentrations are detected in their emissions, depending on the smoking regime, the flavor used, and the operation parameters. PM emissions vary significantly between different brands under the ISO smoking regime, probably due to the heating temperature. In contrast, PM emissions under the Canadian smoking regime do not vary significantly between different brands. This could probably be attributed to the fact that increased puff frequency does not allow the device to cool down between puffs, resulting in an increase in PM emissions for all the brands, but not dependent on the maximum heating temperature of the device. BC emissions only consist of a very small fraction of PM and do not vary significantly between different brands under both smoking regimes.

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Assessment of the Exposure to Aromatic Amines in Users of Various Tobacco/Nicotine Products

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

The Product Science of Electrically Heated Tobacco Products: An Updated Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature

The Product Science of Electrically Heated Tobacco Products: An Updated Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature

Oral health risks in users of new generation nicotine/tobacco products (NGPs): Systematic review and qualitative meta-analyses

Particle emissions from heated tobacco products

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