Assessment of the environmental risk of long-chain aliphatic alcohols

Belanger, Scott E.; Sanderson, Hans; Fisk, Peter; Schäfers, Christoph; Mudge, Stephen M.; Willing, Andreas; Kasai, Yutaka; Nielsen, Allen M.; Dyer, Scott D.; Toy, Robin J.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.07.013

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These data are summarized in Fisk et al (2009) and Schäfers et al (2009). Furthermore Fisk et al (2009) provide a comparison of the measured physicochemical properties and those predicted using quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs), specifically those contained in EPISuite 3.12 (http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuite.htm).…”

Section: Surfactant Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model has been used to adjust exposure concentrations of LCOH for bioavailability in aquatic risk assessments (Belanger et al, 2009). …”

Section: Surfactant Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An extensive review and summary of the LCOHs acute and chronic toxicity data with tabular summaries can be found in OECD (2006), Fisk et al (2009), and Schäfers et al (2009). The objective of this section is to summarize the toxicity understanding from these available data, and how these data are then used to derive the environmental relevant aquatic PNEC.…”

Section: Surfactant Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Invertebrates, represented by D. magna , have a robust database of 21-day chronic toxicity data across a range of chain lengths from C 8 to C 15 . These data were used by Schäfers et al (2009) to develop a set of QSARs for chronic toxicity represented by mortality/survival and reproductive effects based on the initial mean concentration or total mean concentration of the alcohol. These QSARs are…”

Section: Surfactant Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Environmental Safety of the Use of Major Surfactant Classes in North America

Cowan-Ellsberry¹,

Belanger

Dorn

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

156

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This paper brings together over 250 published and unpublished studies on the environmental properties, fate, and toxicity of the four major, high-volume surfactant classes and relevant feedstocks. The surfactants and feedstocks covered include alcohol sulfate or alcohol sulfate (AS), alcohol ethoxysulfate (AES), linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), alcohol ethoxylate (AE), and long-chain alcohol (LCOH). These chemicals are used in a wide range of personal care and cleaning products. To date, this is the most comprehensive report on these substance's chemical structures, use, and volume information, physical/chemical properties, environmental fate properties such as biodegradation and sorption, monitoring studies through sewers, wastewater treatment plants and eventual release to the environment, aquatic and sediment toxicity, and bioaccumulation information. These data are used to illustrate the process for conducting both prospective and retrospective risk assessments for large-volume chemicals and categories of chemicals with wide dispersive use. Prospective risk assessments of AS, AES, AE, LAS, and LCOH demonstrate that these substances, although used in very high volume and widely released to the aquatic environment, have no adverse impact on the aquatic or sediment environments at current levels of use. The retrospective risk assessments of these same substances have clearly demonstrated that the conclusions of the prospective risk assessments are valid and confirm that these substances do not pose a risk to the aquatic or sediment environments. This paper also highlights the many years of research that the surfactant and cleaning products industry has supported, as part of their environmental sustainability commitment, to improve environmental tools, approaches, and develop innovative methods appropriate to address environmental properties of personal care and cleaning product chemicals, many of which have become approved international standard methods.

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Section: Surfactant Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model has been used to adjust exposure concentrations of LCOH for bioavailability in aquatic risk assessments (Belanger et al, 2009). …”

Section: Surfactant Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surfactant Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surfactant Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Environmental Safety of the Use of Major Surfactant Classes in North America

Cowan-Ellsberry¹,

Belanger

Dorn

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The high volume use of detergent alcohols and their presence in a wide variety of formulated consumer products, which are typically disposed of "down-the-drain" has focused considerable attention on their environmental safety Belanger et al, 2009). While environmental risk assessments of these materials have predicted that there is low risk from their use in consumer products (Atkinson et al, 2009;Slye et al, 2011), it has been recognized that these conclusions are confounded by the presence of naturally occurring alcohols in the environment .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Market Forensics to Estimate the Environmental Load of Ingredients from Consumer Products

DeLeo

Mudge²,

Dyer

2011

Environmental Forensics

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Advances in analytical chemistry have led to numerous low-level observations of consumer product ingredients in environmental media. A "market forensics" approach complementary to a typical sampling and analysis campaign is described using readily available product formulation and market sales data to estimate the "down-the-drain" load to a wastewater treatment facility. A case study for common cleaning product ingredients is provided for a site in the USA. A regional per capita daily use rate was derived (0.33 g/ person/day) and applied to the residents resulting in an estimated daily influent load (2 kg). A single product type, liquid laundry detergent, was found to contribute 69% of the load alone.

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Biodegradation and Ecotoxicity of Branched Alcohol Ethoxylates: Application of the Target Lipid Model and Implications for Environmental Classification

Bragin

Davis

Kung

et al. 2019

J Surfact & Detergents

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With the advent of global regulations for safer detergent and an emphasis on a shift toward more environmentally friendly formulations, the environmental profile of surfactant chemistries have moved to the forefront of product formulation and design. The two cornerstones of surfactant environmental profiles are the ability to biodegrade in the natural environment and the ecological hazard profile. The objectives of this article are to describe biodegradation and aquatic toxicity data for a series of branched oxo‐alcohol ethoxylate (AEO) surfactants; to apply the target lipid model (TLM) for deriving model‐based threshold hazard concentrations (HC5) of AEO; and, finally, to accurately determine aquatic classifications for AEO surfactants for use in regulatory classification frameworks. Biodegradation results indicate a high level of biodegradability of branched AEO, with C8–C13‐rich oxo‐alcohols with 1–20 mol of ethoxylate meeting the readily biodegradable criteria. Results from acute and chronic toxicity tests indicated comparable or lesser aquatic toxicity versus linear AEO structures previously reported in the literature. The TLM model, applied a priori, resulted in good agreement with acute toxicity data (RMSE = 0.49) and is comparable to the root mean square errors (RMSE) previously determined for other narcotic chemicals (RMSE = 0.46–0.57). Model errors for invertebrates and fish were smaller than those for algae, with the TLM systematically overpredicting acute and chronic classification of two of seven branched AEO. Furthermore, TLM‐predicted HC5 values were determined to be sufficiently conservative, with 100% of observed chronic data (N = 79) falling above the HC5 threshold values, providing a useful tool for the risk assessment of AEO.

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Assessment of the environmental risk of long-chain aliphatic alcohols

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Environmental Safety of the Use of Major Surfactant Classes in North America

Environmental Safety of the Use of Major Surfactant Classes in North America

Use of Market Forensics to Estimate the Environmental Load of Ingredients from Consumer Products

Biodegradation and Ecotoxicity of Branched Alcohol Ethoxylates: Application of the Target Lipid Model and Implications for Environmental Classification

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