Assessment of the Effects of Chitosan, Chitooligosaccharides and Their Derivatives on Lemna minor

Boros, Bianca-Vanesa; Dascălu, Daniela; Ostafe, Vasile; Isvoran, Adriana

doi:10.3390/molecules27186123

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Chitosan (CS) has recently received increased interest in the pharmaceutical and biomedical areas due to its beneficial biological characteristics, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity [10]. The ratio of D-glucosamine to the sum of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl D-glucosamine can be used to assess the deacetylation degree of CS, which is useful information regarding the number of amino groups (-NH 2 ) along the chains [11]. CS-based micro and nanoparticles can be created using a variety of techniques, including spray drying, ionotropic gelation, chemical crosslinking, precipitation, and emulsion [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Drug-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for In Vitro Release, Promoting Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities

Ahmad,

Khan,

Palanisamy

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Targeted drug delivery to tumor cells may be possible using nanoparticles containing human therapeutic drugs. The present study was carried out to develop cisplatin (CP) and 5-fluorouracil (FA) encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs), crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) by an ionic gelation method and in vitro release, promoting antibacterial and anticancer activities. The prepared CSNPs, before and after CP and FA encapsulation, have been studied using various characterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM-SAED patterning. The composites were well-dispersed, with an average particle size diameter of about 395.3 ± 14.3 nm, 126.7 ± 2.6 nm, and 82.5 ± 2.3 nm, respectively. In vitro release studies indicated a controlled and sustained release of CP and FA from the CSNPs, with the release amounts of 72.9 ± 3.6% and 94.8 ± 2.9%. The antimicrobial activity of the CSNPs-FA (91.37 ± 4.37% and 89.28 ± 3.19%) showed a significantly better effect against E. coli and S. aureus than that shown by the CSNPs-CP (63.41 ± 3.84% and 57.62 ± 4.28%). The HCT-116 cell lines were selected for in vitro cell cytotoxicity and live/dead assay to evaluate the preliminary anticancer efficacy of the CSNPs-CP and CSNPs-FA towards successfully inhibiting the growth of cancer cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Drug-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for In Vitro Release, Promoting Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities

Ahmad,

Khan,

Palanisamy

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…All experiments were done in triplicate and measure-ments were performed by the same researcher on the same day. Similar duckweed growth inhibition tests have been performed in the past for chitosan [24] and alginate [25].…”

Section: Lemna Minor Growth Inhibition Assaymentioning

confidence: 65%

Evaluation of the Aquatic Toxicity of Several Triazole Fungicides

Boros,

Roman,

Isvoran

2024

Metabolites

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Fungicides play an important role in crop protection, but they have also been shown to adversely affect non-target organisms, including those living in the aquatic environment. The aim of the present study is to combine experimental and computational approaches to evaluate the effects of flutriafol, metconazole, myclobutanil, tebuconazole, tetraconazole and triticonazole on aquatic model organisms and to obtain information on the effects of these fungicides on Lemna minor, a freshwater plant, at the molecular level. The EC50 (the half-maximum effective concentration) values for the growth inhibition of Lemna minor in the presence of the investigated fungicides show that metconazole (EC50 = 0.132 mg/L) and tetraconazole (EC50 = 0.539 mg/L) are highly toxic, tebuconazole (EC50 = 1.552 mg/L), flutriafol (EC50 = 3.428 mg/L) and myclobutanil (EC50 = 9.134 mg/L) are moderately toxic, and triticonazole (EC50 = 11.631 mg/L) is slightly toxic to this plant. The results obtained with the computational tools TEST, ADMETLab2.0 and admetSAR2.0 also show that metconazole and tetraconazole are toxic to other aquatic organisms: Pimephales promelas, Daphnia magna and Tetrahymena pyriformis. A molecular docking study shows that triazole fungicides can affect photosynthesis in Lemna minor because they strongly bind to C43 (binding energies between −7.44 kcal/mol and −7.99 kcal/mol) and C47 proteins (binding energies between −7.44 kcal/mol and −8.28 kcal/mol) in the reaction center of photosystem II, inhibiting the binding of chlorophyll a to these enzymes. In addition, they can also inhibit glutathione S-transferase, an enzyme involved in the cellular detoxification of Lemna minor.

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“…The computational approach was based on predicting the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profile of the TTZ enantiomers and using molecular docking for assessing the interactions of the TTZ enantiomers with the investigated soil enzymes, human cytochromes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, and plasma proteins, respectively. Usually, the software that allows predictions of ADMET profiles is used for screening drug candidates, but it proved to also be useful for assessing the effects of various types of chemicals on both humans and the environment: drug-related molecules [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], pesticides [ 18 , 20 , 26 , 27 ], sweeteners [ 28 ], phthalates [ 29 ], food additives [ 26 ], and industrial chemicals [ 30 ]. These data reveal that these methods are applicable for assessing the biological effects of chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Effects of Triticonazole on Soil and Human Health

et al. 2022

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Triticonazole is a fungicide used to control diseases in numerous plants. The commercial product is a racemate containing (R)- and (S)-triticonazole and its residues have been found in vegetables, fruits, and drinking water. This study considered the effects of triticonazole on soil microorganisms and enzymes and human health by taking into account the enantiomeric structure when applicable. An experimental method was applied for assessing the effects of triticonazole on soil microorganisms and enzymes, and the effects of the stereoisomers on soil enzymes and human health were assessed using a computational approach. There were decreases in dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities and an increase in urease activity when barley and wheat seeds treated with various doses of triticonazole were sown in chernozem soil. At least 21 days were necessary for the enzymes to recover the activities. This was consistent with the diminution of the total number of soil microorganisms in the 14 days after sowing. Both stereoisomers were able to bind to human plasma proteins and were potentially inhibitors of human cytochromes, revealing cardiotoxicity and low endocrine disruption potential. As distinct effects, (R)-TTZ caused skin sensitization, carcinogenicity, and respiratory toxicity. There were no significant differences in the interaction energies of the stereoisomers and soil enzymes, but (S)-TTZ exposed higher interaction energies with plasma proteins and human cytochromes.

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Assessment of the Effects of Chitosan, Chitooligosaccharides and Their Derivatives on Lemna minor

Cited by 10 publications

References 61 publications

Anticancer Drug-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for In Vitro Release, Promoting Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities

Anticancer Drug-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for In Vitro Release, Promoting Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities

Evaluation of the Aquatic Toxicity of Several Triazole Fungicides

Assessment of the Effects of Triticonazole on Soil and Human Health

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