Assessment of the effect of larval source management and house improvement on malaria transmission when added to standard malaria control strategies in southern Malawi: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial

McCann, Robert S.; Berg, Henk van den; Diggle, Peter J.; Vugt, Michèle van; Terlouw, Dianne J.; Phiri, Kamija S.; Pasquale, Aurelio Di; Maire, Nicolás; Gowelo, Steven; Mburu, Monicah M.; Kabaghe, Alinune N.; Mzilahowa, Themba; Chipeta, Michael G.; Takken, Willem

doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2749-2

Cited by 46 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Therefore, aquatic habitats are important for mosquito breeding. Larval source management (LSM) involves the management of water bodies that are potential larval habitats to prevent the development of immature mosquitoes into adults [18,19], and studies have shown that mosquito LSM has an important potential impact on mosquito-borne disease transmission both in urban and rural areas [20][21][22]. For example, in urban areas of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, the use of larvicides reduced the risk of malaria infection in 5-year-old children [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the rural highlands of western Kenya, a combination of larvicides and insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) decreased new malaria infections by a factor of two compared to ITNs alone [24]. Accordingly, LSM should be considered a crucial part of any integrated mosquito management programme as a complementary means of controlling the spread of mosquito-borne diseases [17,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of mosquito larval habitats and insecticide resistance in an area with a high incidence of mosquito-borne diseases in Jining, Shandong Province

et al. 2020

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BackgroundTo investigate mosquito larval habitats and resistance to common insecticides in areas with high incidence rates of mosquito-borne diseases in Jining, Shandong Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the future prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases and the rational use of insecticides. Methods and resultsFrom June to September 2018, mosquito habitat characteristics and species compositions in Jintun town were studied through a cross-sectional survey. Larvae and pupae were collected in different habitats using the standard dipping technique. A total of 7,815 mosquitoes, comprising 7 species from 4 genera, were collected. Among them, Culex pipiens pallens (n = 5,336, 68.28%) was the local dominant species and found in all four habitats (rice paddies, irrigation channels, water containers, drainage ditches). There were 1,708 Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (21.85%), 399 Anopheles sinensis (5.11%), 213 Armigeres subalbatus (2.72%), 124 Aedes albopictus (1.59%), and 35 other (Cx. bitaeniorhynchus and Cx. halifaxii) (0.45%) mosquito samples collected. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to evaluate the relationship between larval density and the physicochemical characteristics of the breeding habitat. It was found that the larval density of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus correlated positively with water depth (r = 0.927 p = 0.003), the larval density of An. sinensis correlated positively with dissolved oxygen (DO) (r = 0.775 p = 0.041) and the larval density of Cx. p. pallens correlated positively with ammonia nitrogen (r = 0.527 p = 0.002). Resistance bioassays were carried out on the dominant populations of Cx. p. pallens: mosquitoes presented very high resistance to cypermethrin and deltamethrin, moderate PLOS ONE PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of mosquito larval habitats and insecticide resistance in an area with a high incidence of mosquito-borne diseases in Jining, Shandong Province

et al. 2020

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“…The current analysis is based on the Majete Malaria Project (MMP), in Chikwawa District in Southern Malawi [19]. MMP is a multi-stakeholder community-based project for malaria control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MMP is a multi-stakeholder community-based project for malaria control. Embedded within its community-based activities is an RCT testing malaria intervention in various combinations [19]. The context of this research in presented in the protocol publication by McCann et al [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative exploration of the experiences of community health animation on malaria control in rural Malawi

et al. 2020

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Background: While great strides have been achieved in fighting malaria through the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) strategy, the recent world malaria report shows an increase in malaria-related deaths compared to previous years. Malaria control tools are efficacious and effective in preventing the disease; however, the human behaviour aspect of the intervention strategies is weak due to heavy reliance on positive human health behaviour. The challenge lies in adoption of control interventions by the target population which, to an extent, may include access to prevention and treatment tools. We present a qualitative assessment of the use of the Health Animator (HA) model for Information, Education and Communication (IEC) to improve adoption and use of malaria control by promoting positive health behaviours. Results: We conducted 3 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 23 individual in-depth interviews (IDIs) with HAs. Each FGD consisted of 8 participants. Data was analysed using QSR International NVivo 10 software. There are four main themes emerging regarding HA experiences. The perceptions include; collaborative work experience, personal motivation and growth, community participation with health animation and challenges with implementation. Results suggest that HAs were pleased with the training as they gained new information regarding malaria, which affected their use of malaria control interventions within their families. Knowledge was well assimilated from the trainings and influenced personal growth in becoming a community leader. Support from the leadership within the village and the health system was important in legitimising the main messages. The community responded positively to the workshops valued the information imparted. The voluntary nature of the work in a poverty-stricken community affected sustainability. Conclusions: There is need to empower communities with strategies within their reach. Functioning traditional social support structures are a crucial element in sustainability. Voluntarism is also key for sustainability, especially for rural and remote communities with limited sources of income.

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“…Our literature search in Web of Science on spatial sampling of mosquitoes (search terms: mosquito or anopheles AND sampling AND spatial, in title/keywords/abstract) shows that while all studies provide a general description of the sampling design, only a limited number of papers (i.e. (8)(9)(10)(11)) give a detailed description of the rationale, decisions and calculations related to the "Where, When, How and How many" samples to collect (see for example the reviews from (12) and (13)). In other literature, partial justification of the sampling design is provided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved spatial ecological sampling using open data and standardization: an example from malaria mosquito surveillance

Sedda

Lucas

Djogbénou

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Vector-borne disease control relies on efficient vector surveillance, mostly carried out using traps whose number and locations are often determined by expert opinion rather than a rigorous quantitative sampling design. In this work we first propose a framework for ecological sampling design which in its preliminary stages can take into account environmental conditions obtained from open data (i.e. remote sensing and meteorological stations). These environmental data are used to delimit the area into ecologically homogenous strata. By employing a model-based sampling design, the traps are deployed among the strata using a mixture of random and grid locations which allows balancing predictions and fitting accuracies. Sample sizes and the effect of ecological strata on sample sizes are estimated from previous sampling campaigns. Notably, we found that a configuration of 30 locations with 4 households each (120 traps) will have a similar accuracy in the estimates of mosquito abundance as 300 random samples. In addition, we show that random sampling independently from ecological strata, produces biased estimates of the mosquito abundance. Finally, we propose standardizing reporting of sampling designs to allow transparency and repetition / re-use in subsequent sampling campaigns. KeywordsMosquito sampling, stratification, lattice sampling design, model-based geostatistics, Sub-Saharan Africa. variance and Temp mean. Medium EVI mean, elevation and Precipitation. Red 20 Forest. Medium ET mean amplitude and variance, EVI mean, variance and amplitude, Temp mean and variance, Elevation and Precipitation; High Temp amplitude. Dark Green 25 Mixture of Cultivated land, Shrubland and Wetland. Low ET mean, EVI variance and Temp mean. Medium Elevation and Precipitation. Orange 35 Mixture of Shrubland and Grassland. Low Temp amplitude and Precipitation; Medium ET mean and variance, EVI mean, variance and amplitude, Temp mean and variance; High ET amplitude. Light green 45 Mixture of Shrubland, Grassland and Wetland. Low EVI amplitude, Temp variance and Precipitation; Medium ET mean and amplitude, EVI mean and variance, Temp mean and variance; High Temp mean and ET variance. Pink 55 Mixture of Urban, Forest, Wetland and Grassland. Low Temp mean; Medium ET mean, EVI mean and variance, and Precipitation; High Elevation. Yellow 60 Wetland. Low ET mean, EVI mean and variance; Medium Temp mean and Elevation; High Precipitation. Navy 65 Mixture of Urban, Tundra, Wetland, Water bodies and Grassland. Low ET variance and amplitude; Medium Elevation; High ET mean, EVI mean, variance and amplitude, Temp amplitude and Precipitation. Purple 75 Mixture of Water bodies and Urban. Low ET mean, EVI mean and amplitude, Temp variance and Precipitation; Medium ET amplitude and EVI variance; High ET variance and Temp mean. Sky 85 Mixture of Grassland, Water bodies and Urban. Low ET variance and amplitude, and Elevation; Medium Temp mean; High ET mean, EVI mean, variance and amplitude, Temp variance and Precipitation. Brown 95 Mixture of Wetland, Wate...

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Assessment of the effect of larval source management and house improvement on malaria transmission when added to standard malaria control strategies in southern Malawi: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial

Cited by 46 publications

References 82 publications

Investigation of mosquito larval habitats and insecticide resistance in an area with a high incidence of mosquito-borne diseases in Jining, Shandong Province

Investigation of mosquito larval habitats and insecticide resistance in an area with a high incidence of mosquito-borne diseases in Jining, Shandong Province

A qualitative exploration of the experiences of community health animation on malaria control in rural Malawi

Improved spatial ecological sampling using open data and standardization: an example from malaria mosquito surveillance

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