Assessment of the ecological effects of forest fertilization using an experimental watershed approach

Feger, Karl‐Heinz; Zöttl, H. W.; Brahmer, G.

doi:10.1007/bf01048608

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…for K and P in IF and N in N + S, and relative to seepage, esp. for N and Mg. Feger et al (1991) also observed a small recovery (3%) of applied Mg in Norway spruce needles on sandy soils. Also retranslocation of nutrients from older tissue might still play a dominant role (> 55%) in the nutrition of the new tissue (Lim and Cousens, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of water and nutrient applications in a Scots pine stand to tree growth and nutrient cycling

Visser

Breemen

1995

Plant Soil

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In a Scots pine forest stand, demineralized water and a complete set of nutrients with water were applied to the soil by means of frequent irrigation for four years in order to eliminate water and nutrient shortage of the trees. Apart from this optimization, dissolved (NH4)2SO4 was irrigated at a rate of 120 kg N ha-1 y-l to create a situation of N excess. Effect of treatments on tree growth and chemical composition of soil water and vegetation were monitored. From the first treatment year onwards basal area growth increased by ca. 35% as a result of the increased water supply. Nutrient applications increased K and P concentrations in pine needles immediately, but growth was enhanced only in the fourth treatment year and coincided with an improved K supply. Most of the applied P and K was retained in the soil, and only 6% was recovered in the vegetation. Tree nutrient status did not respond on Ca and Mg applications, whereas Ca and Mg seepage losses were increased with ca. 5 kg ha-1 y -t . The applied NH4 was mostly retained in the 0 -20 cm surface soil and caused a drastic increase of A1 in soil solution. Tree growth was stimulated initially by extra NH4, but was hampered after three years obviously because of a decreased P nutrition. The applied base cations were absorped to the soil and the accompanying anions were leached, thus temporarily increasing the acidification of the soil solution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of water and nutrient applications in a Scots pine stand to tree growth and nutrient cycling

Visser

Breemen

1995

Plant Soil

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“…The nutrients most likely to be in a danger zone is P and K. This is in contrast to the situation in Central Europe, where Ca and Mg are the elements commonly in imbalance (Feger et al, 1991;Hiittl, 1988;Kazda, 1990;). If we look at the ratio between the different nutrients and N, on the other hand, there is a significant decrease in the ratio of all the nutrients P, K, Mg, Ca and a smaller decrease in B relative to N, compared to the control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Nutrient deficiencies of various base cations and of P is correlated with different types of damages on the trees, for example discoloration and defoliation of needles (Htittl, 1990;Katzensteiner et al, 1992). Application of magnesium sulphate has been shown to improve the Mg nutrition of the trees (Feger et al, 1991;Z6ttl and Hi~ttl, 1986). Popovic and Andersson, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient balance and P, K, Ca, Mg, S and B accumulation in a Norway spruce stand following ammonium sulphate application, fertigation, irrigation, drought and N-free-fertilisation

Nilsson

Wiklund

1995

Plant Soil

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The nutrient balance and above ground accumulation of macro nutrients, except for N, resulting from improved or deteriorated availability of water and nutrients in a 25 year old Norway spruce stand in SW Sweden is presented. The site and the productivity of the stand is typical for the area. Treatment include irrigation (I); artificial drought (D1); ammonium sulphate addition (NS); N-free-fertilisation (V) and irrigation with liquid fertilisers including a complete set of nutrients according to the Ingestad principle (IF). At start of the experiment the stand contained 86.5 t dry mass, 342 kg N, 33 kg P, 142 kg K, 172 kg Ca, 36 kg Mg and 34 kg S ha -1. Enhanced accumulation vs control of S was seen in the NS and IF treatments. In the V and IF treatments P accumulation was 7-9 times higher and Ca and Mg, 2-4 times higher compared to the control. K accumulation was increased for the IF treatment. B that accumulated in the needles was decreased in the NS and D1 treatments and increased in the IF and V treatments, as compared to the control. The gross accumulation of nutrients relative to the amounts added was in the IF and V treatments 56 and 47% for P, 40 and 64% for K, 40 and 24% for Mg and, 22 and 8% for S, respectively. We conclude that application with N-free fertilizer, Skogvital (V), including macro nutrients and essential micro nutrients, results in a fast and efficient accumulation above ground of P, K, Ca, Mg and B. The treatment is efficient when aiming at restoring nutrient imbalances in Norway spruce. Application with ammonium sulphate at a rate of 5-6 times higher than the current deposition of N and S did not lead to decreased accumulation above ground of any of the macro nutrients P, K, Ca or Mg. The accumulation of B, however, was significantly reduced. Results from this and other studies indicate that today, N alone, generally is a growth limiting nutrient for Norway spruce in Southern Sweden.

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“…It is also considered to be a common nutrient disorder causing forest damage in Germany (Feger et al, 1991;Liu and Huettl, 1991). Application of Mg fertilizers has been suggested as a means of reducing the incidence of these disorders by improving the Mg nutrition of the trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sequential extraction method for the determination of dissolution of magnesium from fertilizers applied to pumice soils

Loganathan

Payn

Mitchell

et al. 1999

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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A major factor controlling the effectiveness of magnesium (Mg) fertilizers in correcting Mg deficiency in crops is their rate of dissolution in soils. The commonly used method of determining the rate of dissolution of fertilizers by measuring the increase in dissolved Mg in soils under field conditions can lead to errors because part of the dissolved Mg would normally be lost from the site of application by plant uptake and leaching. A more accurate method of estimating the rate of dissolution is to determine the amount of undissolved Mg and subtract it from the amount of Mg applied. A simple sequential extraction method was developed to measure the undissolved Mg in soils treated with a range of fertilizers with different solubilities. The method consisted of two 30-minute extractions of a soil sample with 0.5M BaCl 2 -TEA, pH 8.2 to determine dissolved Mg in the sample followed by a 1-hour extraction with 0.5M HCl to determine difficulty-soluble or slow-release Mg, and finally an 18-hour extraction with 2M HCl to determine undissolved Mg. The method gave nearly a 100% recovery of Mg applied in fertilizers to 199

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Assessment of the ecological effects of forest fertilization using an experimental watershed approach

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of water and nutrient applications in a Scots pine stand to tree growth and nutrient cycling

Effects of water and nutrient applications in a Scots pine stand to tree growth and nutrient cycling

Nutrient balance and P, K, Ca, Mg, S and B accumulation in a Norway spruce stand following ammonium sulphate application, fertigation, irrigation, drought and N-free-fertilisation

A sequential extraction method for the determination of dissolution of magnesium from fertilizers applied to pumice soils

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