“…In plants, high Cr(VI) levels cause a decrease in seed germination, root elongation, leaf number, area and biomass, and greatly affect plant morphology as well as physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes (Huda et al, ; Kabir, ; Martinez‐Trujillo et al, ; Ortiz‐Castro, Martínez‐Trujillo, López‐Bucio, & Cervantes, ; Shanker, Cervantes, Loza‐Tavera, & Avudainayagam, ). Cr stress also exerts cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects in plant cells by causing cell cycle seizure, diminishing of cell division dynamics, derangement of the cytoskeleton, chromosomal aberrations, and stimulation of micronuclei formation (Eleftheriou et al, ; Patnaik, Achary, & Panda, ; Truta, Mihai, Gherghel, & Vochita, ). Root is the first plant organ that senses soil Cr(VI), typically responding to Cr‐exposure by inhibiting primary root elongation (Eleftheriou et al, ; Martinez‐Trujillo et al, ).…”