Assessment of the Biological Similarity of Three Capsaicin Analogs (Capsinoids) Found in Non-Pungent Chili Pepper (CH-19 Sweet) Fruits

Sasahara, Ikuko; Furuhata, Yasufumi; Iwasaki, Yusaku; Inoue, Naohiko; Sato, Hitoshi; Watanabe, Tatsuo; Takahashi, Michio

doi:10.1271/bbb.90570

Cited by 58 publications

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“…13,19,21 Capsinoids are known to have similar physiological effects to capsaicin. Animal studies have shown that capsinoids activate transient potential vanilloid 1 receptors in the gut, 22,2324 which in turn increase BAT thermogenesis and body fat mobilization via the sympathetic nervous system. 23,24 Similar thermogenic effects of capsinoids were also found in humans: that is, single oral ingestion of capsinoids increases whole-body energy expenditure in subjects with active BAT, but not in those without it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of human brown adipose tissue density during daily ingestion of thermogenic capsinoids using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy

et al. 2016

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"Assessment of human brown adipose tissue density during daily ingestion of thermogenic capsinoids using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy," J. Biomed. Opt. 21(9), 091305 (2016), doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.21.9.091305. Abstract.18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is widely used as a standard method for evaluating human brown adipose tissue (BAT), a recognized therapeutic target of obesity. However, a longitudinal BAT study using FDG-PET/CT is lacking owing to limitations of the method. Near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIR TRS ) is a technique for evaluating human BAT density noninvasively. This study aimed to test whether NIR TRS could detect changes in BAT density during or after long-term intervention. First, using FDG-PET/CT, we confirmed a significant increase (þ48.8%, P < 0.05) in BAT activity in the supraclavicular region after 6-week treatment with thermogenic capsaicin analogs, capsinoids. Next, 20 volunteers were administered either capsinoids or placebo daily for 8 weeks in a double-blind design, and BAT density was measured using NIR TRS every 2 weeks during the 8-week treatment period and an 8-week period after stopping treatment. Consistent with FDG-PET/CT results, NIR TRS successfully detected an increase in BAT density during the 8-week treatment (þ46.4%, P < 0.05), and a decrease in the 8-week follow-up period (−12.5%, P ¼ 0.07), only in the capsinoid-treated, but not the placebo, group. Thus, NIR TRS can be applied for quantitative assessment of BAT in longitudinal intervention studies in humans. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of human brown adipose tissue density during daily ingestion of thermogenic capsinoids using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy

et al. 2016

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“…The pungency of capsinoids was found to be approximately 1/1000 that of capsaicinoids. In spite of their low pungency, capsinoids exhibit similar bioactivities to capsaicinoids (Luo et al 2011;Sasahara et al 2010). Therefore, capsinoids are more favorable as an ingredient in vegetables and supplements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple loss-of-function putative aminotransferase alleles contribute to low pungency and capsinoid biosynthesis in Capsicum chinense

et al. 2015

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Capsicum chinense is a domesticated hot pepper species in the Capsicum genus that originated in the Amazon and is consumed in USA, the Caribbean and South America. Although a characteristic of this species is high pungency, some non-pungent or lowpungent strains, called ''Aji Dulce'' (sweet pepper in Spanish), exist in the Caribbean region. In the present study, low-pungent C. chinense accessions were analyzed in order to elucidate the genetic mechanisms responsible for low pungency. All low-pungent C. chinense accessions in this study carried non-functional alleles of putative aminotransferase (pAMT), which catalyzes the formation of vanillylamine from vanillin in the capsaicinoid biosynthetic pathway. These low-pungent accessions produced capsinoids, low-pungent capsaicinoid analogs. The pamt mutation in each strain was characterized using allele-specific markers, and one novel pamt allele (pamt 7 ) was identified. The pamt 7 had a new hAT family transposon insertion in the second exon region, which caused the loss of pAMT expression. pamt 7 is apparently an ancestral allele for pamt 6 because the 7-bp insertion in pamt 6 can be regarded as a footprint of the transposon. A phylogenetic analysis of pamt alleles was performed to examine their relationships. Combined with previously reported pamt alleles, the Tcc family transposon insertion and its excision were involved in the generation of various pamt alleles in C. chinense. A phylogenetic analysis of pamt alleles showed that at least five occurred within C. chinense after speciation of the Capsicum genus. In conclusion, the results of the present study identified pamt as the main and most frequent gene controlling low pungency in C. chinense. Allelic variations in loss-of function pamt and their wide distribution demonstrated the potential of C. chinense bioresources for genetic improvements to pungency and metabolic profiles in hot pepper breeding programs.

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“…In adult humans, a 4-wk treatment with CSNs was found to increase oxygen consumption, and a 12-wk treatment decreased the abdominal fat mass in subjects with body mass indexes (BMIs) of 25-35 (15, 50). Mechanistically, oral CSN supplements have been reported to activate transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) in the gut (14,47), resulting in increased sympathetic efferent activity and thermogenesis (41). Activation of TRPV1 signaling has been reported to positively regulate exercise endurance and energy expenditure in mice (30).…”

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A combination of exercise and capsinoid supplementation additively suppresses diet-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure in mice

Ohyama

Nogusa

Suzuki

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Exercise effectively prevents the development of obesity and obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Capsinoids (CSNs) are capsaicin analogs found in a nonpungent pepper that increase whole body energy expenditure. Although both exercise and CSNs have antiobesity functions, the effectiveness of exercise with CSN supplementation has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined whether the beneficial effects of exercise could be further enhanced by CSN supplementation in mice. Mice were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) high-fat diet (HFD, Control), 2) HFD containing 0.3% CSNs, 3) HFD with voluntary running wheel exercise (Exercise), and 4) HFD containing 0.3% CSNs with voluntary running wheel exercise (Exercise ϩ CSN). After 8 wk of ingestion, blood and tissues were collected and analyzed. Although CSNs significantly suppressed body weight gain under the HFD, CSN supplementation with exercise additively decreased body weight gain and fat accumulation and increased whole body energy expenditure compared with exercise alone. Exercise together with CSN supplementation robustly improved metabolic profiles, including the plasma cholesterol level. Furthermore, this combination significantly prevented diet-induced liver steatosis and decreased the size of adipocyte cells in white adipose tissue. Exercise and CSNs significantly increased cAMP levels and PKA activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT), indicating an increase of lipolysis. Moreover, they significantly activated both the oxidative phosphorylation gene program and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. These results indicate that CSNs efficiently promote the antiobesity effect of exercise, in part by increasing energy expenditure via the activation of fat oxidation in skeletal muscle and lipolysis in BAT.exercise; capsinoids; obesity; energy expenditure; fat oxidation OBESITY IS RAPIDLY BECOMING a major global health problem (4) and is a major risk factor for several common diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer (32). Obesity develops when energy intake chronically exceeds total energy expenditure (51). Conventional antiobesity strategies have focused on repressing energy intake by suppressing appetite or inhibiting intestinal fat absorption; however, increasing energy expenditure by activating the metabolic function of skeletal muscle or brown fat could serve as an alternative and effective antiobesity intervention, thereby avoiding the potential adverse effects associated with conventional antiobesity therapies such as depression, oily bowel movements, and steatorrhea.Exercise is one of the most efficient ways to prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes through an increase in energy expenditure (25, 27, 52). However, people in the developed world are becoming less physically active as a result of lifestyle changes and the nature of their work. Moreover, constraints such as lack of time, limited access. and injuries frequently become barriers to exercise (48). For example, a recent epidemiological study estimated that ...

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Assessment of the Biological Similarity of Three Capsaicin Analogs (Capsinoids) Found in Non-Pungent Chili Pepper (CH-19 Sweet) Fruits

Cited by 58 publications

References 31 publications

Assessment of human brown adipose tissue density during daily ingestion of thermogenic capsinoids using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy

Assessment of human brown adipose tissue density during daily ingestion of thermogenic capsinoids using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy

Multiple loss-of-function putative aminotransferase alleles contribute to low pungency and capsinoid biosynthesis in Capsicum chinense

A combination of exercise and capsinoid supplementation additively suppresses diet-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure in mice

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