Assessment of the binder blending in bituminous mixtures based on the development of an innovative sustainable infrared imaging methodology

Experimental investigation of blending phenomena in intergranular zones of recycled asphalt mixtures using customized infrared imaging and stage extraction methods

“…Briefly, the intimate contact is performed between the compacted asphalt mixture specimen surface and the ATR crystal tip. The FPA (Focal Plane Array) detector allows the simultaneous acquisition of several thousand infrared spectra on the 2D analysis zone, acquisition parameters are those described in the methodology development on the binder mixtures [51].…”

“…In order to compare with reliability color carbonyl spatial distributions, each 20 × 20 µm² carbonyl chemical mapping was converted into a micro carbonyl absorbance values matrix where each value corresponds to the area absorbance of the carbonyl peak integrated on a spectrum defined on a surface of 1.56 × 1.56 µm ² (pixel size) [51]. A specific statistical treatment was undertaken to quantify these numerical infrared data.…”

“…A specific statistical treatment was undertaken to quantify these numerical infrared data. As explained in [51], micro carbonyl absorbance values were classified into frequencies intervals defined with a 0.0001 length (in absorbance unit) and obtained appearance frequencies were used to plot statistical curves according to defined absorbance intervals.…”

“…Therefore, the objective of this paper is also to better understand blending phenomena in recycled asphalt mixtures using a novel solvent-free infrared imaging method. Recently, an innovative infrared chemomap methodology has been developed to assess homogeneity in hydrocarbon mixtures using carbonyl spatial distributions treated with a statistical procedure [51]. This methodology will be customized to determine the blending in recycled asphalt mixtures.…”

On the degree of binder activity of reclaimed asphalt and degree of blending with recycling agents

“…Amongst these: blending efficiency (Bowers, Huang, Shu, & Miller, 2014;Bowers, Moore, Huang, & Shu, 2014;Xu, Hao, Zhang, & Yuan, 2018), blending status (Zhao, Huang, Shu, & Woods, 2016), blending ratio (Delfosse, Drouadaine, Largeaud, & Dumont, 2016), rate of intermixing (Oliver, 2001), binder transfer (Zhang, Wen, & Hobbs, 2015), mobilization rate (Bressi et al, 2015;Ding, Huang, & Shu, 2018;Vassaux et al, 2018;Zhao, Huang, Shu, & Woods, 2015), meso-blending (Gundla & Underwood, 2015) and the most used terminology by far degree of blending (DoB) (Abd, Al-Khalid, & Akhtar, 2018;Al-Qadi et al, 2009;Booshehrian, Mogawer, & Bonaquist, 2013;Castorena, Pape, & Mooney, 2016;Cavalli, Partl, & Poulikakos, 2017;Coffey, Dubois, Mehta, & Purdy, 2013;Gaitan et al, 2013;Kriz et al, 2014;Liphardt, Radziszewski, & Król, 2015;Mogawer, Booshehrian, Vahidi, & Austerman, 2013;Mogawer et al, 2012;Navaro et al, 2012;Norton et al, 2014;Rinaldini, Schuetz, Partl, Tebaldi, & Poulikakos, 2014;Shirodkar et al, 2013Shirodkar et al, , 2011Stephens, Mahoney, & Dippold, 2001). (Vassaux et al, 2019) "Blend" presents the ability of two components to create a homogenous product where the chemical composition is identical everywhere at the scale observation of the study.…”